Xenophon, the Greek historian who belongs in the fourth century B.C., recounts, in his _Memorabilia_, a dialogue between the philosopher Socrates and a hetaira named Theodote. The subject is the art of finding and retaining lovers. Socrates: There are my lady friends, who will never let me leave them, night or day. They would always be having me teach them love-charms and incantations. Theodote: Are you really acquainted with such things, Socrates? Socrates: Of course I am. What else is the reason, think you, that Apollodorus and Antisthenes never leave my side? Why have Cebes and Simmias come all the way from Thebes to stay with me? You may be quite sure that not without love-charms and incantations and magic-wheels can this be brought about. Theodote: Lend me your wheel, then, that I may use it on you. Socrates: Nay, I do not want to be drawn to you. I want you to come to me. Theodote: Well, I will come. But be sure to be at home. Socrates: I will be at home to you, unless there be some lady with me who is dearer than yourself. * * * * * A speech attributed to the Greek orator Antiphon, who dates in the fifth century B.C., involves a belief that love could be secured by the administration of a potion. The Attic orator is addressing the court: The girl began to consider how she should administer the potion to them, before or after dinner, and, on reflection, she decided it would be better to give it after the meal. I will endeavor to give you a brief account of how the potion was actually administered. The two friends partook of a good dinner, as you can imagine, the host having a sacrifice to offer to the god of his household and the guest being on the eve of a sea voyage. When they had finished, they made a libation and added thereto some grains of incense. But while they were murmuring their prayer, the concubine slipped the poison into the wine she was pouring out for them: and furthermore, thinking that she was doing something clever, she gave Philoneos an extra dose, supposing that the more she gave the warmer would be his love for her. The important deduction that follows as a corollary from the above passage is that the love-potion, mentioned without elaborate comment, was already, in the fifth century B.C., a matter of common knowledge and common use. * * * * * The plant called anciently telephilon was used by the Greeks for amatory purposes. Botanically, it has been identified with the poppy: and by some, with a kind of pepper tree. Theocritus, the Greek bucolic poet, refers to its use in the third Idyll. A goatherd goes to the cave of his sweet-heart Amaryllis. He tries to re-awaken her former love: