In his lectures on the Psalms Luther already tells his hearers that
the bold loquacity of theology was due to Aristotle;[193] he makes
highly exaggerated remarks regarding the disputes between the Scotists
and Occam and between Occam and Scotus.[194] Peter Lombard, no less
than Scotus and St. Thomas, comes in for some harsh criticism. But
Luther ever reverts to Aristotle. He wishes, so he writes to his
friend Lang in February, 1516, to tear off “the Greek mask which
this comedian has assumed to pass himself off in the Church as a
philosopher; his shame should be laid bare to all.”[195]
Such audacious language had probably never before been used against
the greatest minds in the history of human thought by a theological
professor, who himself had as yet given no proof whatever of his
capacity.
His attacks on Scholasticism and the philosophical and theological
schools up to that day, were soon employed to cover his attacks on
dogma and the laws of the Church. In 1518 he places Scholasticism and
Canon Law on the same footing, both needing reform.[196]
The learned Martin Pollich, who was teaching law at the University
of Wittenberg, looked at the young assailant with forebodings as to
the future. He frequently said that this monk would overthrow the
teaching which yet prevailed at all the universities. “This brother has
deep-set eyes,” he once remarked, “he must have strange fancies.”[197]
His strange eyes, with their pensive gleam, ever ready to smile on a
friend, and, in fact, his whole presence, made an impression upon all
who were brought into close contact with him. It is an undoubted fact,
true even of his later days, that intercourse with him was pleasant,
especially to those whom he honoured with his friendship or whom he
wished to influence. Not only were his pupils at Wittenberg devoted
admirers of the brave critic of the Schoolmen, but, little by little,
he also gained an unquestioned authority over the other professors,
the more so as there was no one at the University able or willing to
take the risks of a challenge.
The psychological reaction on himself of so high a position at the
University must not be under-estimated as a factor in his development.
He felt himself to be a pioneer in the struggle against Scholasticism,
and one called to reinstate a new theology.
His attitude to mysticism was absolutely different from that which he
assumed with regard to Aristotle and Scholasticism.
Luther speaks in praise of Tauler for the first time in 1516, though
he had probably become acquainted with him earlier. At about that
same time a little booklet, “_Theologia Deutsch_,” exercised a great
influence upon him.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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