TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES: --Obvious print and punctuation errors were corrected. --Due to a fair amount of tables, it is recommended the use of a monospaced font. [Illustration: W. D. LYMAN.] LYMAN'S HISTORY _of_ Old Walla Walla County _Embracing_ Walla Walla, Columbia, Garfield and Asotin Counties By W. D. LYMAN, M. A., Lit. D. ILLUSTRATED VOLUME I CHICAGO THE S. J. CLARKE PUBLISHING COMPANY 1918 CONTENTS PART I THE COUNTY AND ITS EARLIEST STAGES CHAPTER I PHYSICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES, SOIL, CLIMATE, WATER-COURSES, AND MOUNTAINS 1 CHAPTER II THE NATIVE RACES OF OLD WALLA WALLA COUNTY 10 CHAPTER III THE FIRST EXPLORERS AND THEIR ROUTES THROUGH THE REGION 32 CHAPTER IV THE FUR-TRADE AND FUR-TRADERS 42 CHAPTER V THE MISSIONARY PERIOD 57 CHAPTER VI INDIAN WARS AND OPENING OF COUNTRY TO SETTLEMENT 83 PART II SETTLEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I THE PERMANENT ORGANIZATION OF WALLA WALLA COUNTY AND FOUNDING OF THE CITY 109 CHAPTER II TIMES OF COWBOYS, MINERS AND VIGILANTES 124 CHAPTER III POLITICAL HISTORY TO TIME OF COUNTY DIVISION 136 CHAPTER IV THE EARLY TRANSPORTATION AGE 155 CHAPTER V THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY IN OLD WALLA WALLA COUNTY TO THE PERIOD OF COUNTY DIVISION AND AFTERWARDS IN THE PRESENT WALLA WALLA 175 CHAPTER VI INTELLECTUAL AND RELIGIOUS FORCES OF WALLA WALLA COUNTY; EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF WALLA WALLA 210 CHAPTER VII THE PRESS OF WALLA WALLA COUNTY 257 CHAPTER VIII WITH THE LAWYERS, JUDGES AND DOCTORS 265 PART III PERIOD OF COUNTY DIVISIONS CHAPTER I POLITICAL HISTORY OF WALLA WALLA COUNTY SINCE COUNTY DIVISION 285 CHAPTER II DISTINCTIVE FEATURES IN HISTORY OF COLUMBIA COUNTY 319 CHAPTER III GARFIELD COUNTY 358 CHAPTER IV ASOTIN COUNTY 395 CHAPTER V PIONEER REMINISCENCES 426 BIOGRAPHICAL 481 PART I