See _Liberator_, Oct. 2, 1857 (27: 160). Footnote 186: See _Liberator_, Aug. 24, 1860 (30: 160). Footnote 187: See _Liberator_, Jan. 18, 1856 (26: 12). Footnote 188: _Liberator_, Oct. 16, 1857 (27: 167). Footnote 189: _Liberator_, Sept. 24, 1858 (28: 155). Footnote 190: _Liberator_, April 3, 1857 (27: 56). Footnote 191: See _Liberator_, Dec. 19, 1856 (26: 204). It is possibly to this case that F. L. Olmsted refers in “A Journey in the Back Country” (N. Y., 1860), pp. 442–443. He says a negro killed his master “a few months since in Georgia or Alabama”; and “was roasted, at a slow fire, on the spot of the murder, in the presence of many thousand slaves, driven to the ground from all the adjoining counties.” Footnote 192: See H. H Bancroft: “Popular Tribunals” (1887), I, 749. In his two volumes on “Popular Tribunals” this author presents very forcibly the arguments and the conditions urged in justification of the acts of these “Tribunals.” He also exhibits the methods and inner workings of these organizations. In “Literary Industries” (1890), pp. 655–663, he tells how he obtained his knowledge of what went on behind the scenes. For a somewhat different view of the Vigilance Committee movement in California, see Josiah Royce: “California” (1886), Chapters IV and V. See also, John S. Hittell: “History of the City of San Francisco.” Footnote 193: Quoted from Bancroft: “Popular Tribunals” (1887), II, 666. Footnote 194: _New York Tribune_, June 7, 1858, p. 3. Footnote 195: In a message written by Governor Clarke of Mississippi in 1865, this passage occurs: “The terrible contest through which the country has just passed has aroused in every section the fiercest passions of the human heart. Lawlessness seems to have culminated in the assassination of Mr. Lincoln.”—Quoted in J. W. Garner’s “Reconstruction in Mississippi” (1901), p. 59. The message is printed in the _New York Times_ of June 11, 1865. Footnote 196: See “Report on the Condition of the South,” No. 261 of Reports of Committees of House of Representatives for 2d Sess., 43d Cong., 1874–75. See, also, article on “The Southern Question” by Charles Gayarré in _North American Review_, November and December, 1877 (125: 472). For a comprehensive view, briefly stated, of the great social changes begun in the South during the reconstruction period, see editorial “The Way Out,” in _Outlook_, Dec. 26, 1903 (75: 984). Footnote 197: See Reports of Committees of House of Representatives for 2d Sess., 42d Cong., 1871–72. Footnote 198: The best apparently reliable source for information as to the character and purpose of this organization is a little book entitled “The Ku-Klux Klan,” written by J. C. Lester and D. L. Wilson, and published at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1884. See also, article “The Ku-Klux Klan,” signed D. L. Wilson, published in the _Century Magazine_, July, 1884 (6: 398).