Magic and FetishismHaddon, Alfred C. (Alfred Cort)
Religion
Magic and Fetishism
Haddon, Alfred C. (Alfred Cort)
Fetishism; Magic
However it may be with human beings, few culture-folk will admit that
sorcerers can effect the ordinary phenomena of nature, and in this
respect, at all events, they should soon become discredited. On one
occasion in Murray Island, Torres Straits, a native showed me two stones
in a recess on the foreshore which were pointed at by men holding
certain leaves which were left there. A ‘big wind’ would immediately
arise which lasted until the plants were removed. This _zogo_ was
employed only in the season of the South-east trade wind. On my asking
whether the ceremony was done in the North-west monsoon, my informant
said emphatically, ‘Can’t do it in North-west.’ That is, the charm is
performed only at that season of the year when the required result is
possible—indeed, when it is of normal occurrence (28, 60; 29, vi.)
In this, as in other cases, I found that =the impossible was never
attempted=. A rain charm would not be made when there was no expectation
of rain coming, or a south-east wind be raised during the wrong season.
Probably this is the experience of others elsewhere, and thus it is not
remarkable if the desired result frequently follows the performance of
the charming.
A =loophole is generally provided in case of failure=. Either some
irregularity or mistake occurred in the performance of the charm, or
another sorcerer was performing contrary magic which proved of greater
potency.
FETISHISM
I. DEFINITION
The word Fetishism has been so misused of late that ethnologists
are apt to view it askance and hesitate to employ it in religious
classifications. It has been stretched to such an extent in various
directions that it has lost the definition and precision necessary for a
scientific term. Starting from a humble origin, referring in its native
land (Portugal) to the charms and amulets worn ‘for luck,’ and to relics
of saints, ‘fetish’ grew to such amazing proportions when transplanted
to West African soil, that at last there was nothing connected with West
African religion to which it was not applied. De Brosses introduced
Fétichisme as a general descriptive term (8), supposing the word to be
connected with _chose fée_, _fatum_. Comte[1] employed it to describe
the universal religious tendency to which Dr. Tylor has given the name
of Animism (71, chaps. xi.-xvii.). Bastholm claimed ‘everything produced
by nature or art, which receives divine honour, including the sun, moon,
earth, air, fire, water, with rivers, trees, stones, images and animals,
considered as objects of divine worship, as Fetishism;[2] and Lippert
(46) defines Fetishism as ‘a belief in the souls of the departed coming
to dwell in any thing that is tangible or visible in heaven or earth.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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