Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion PicturesQuigley, Martin
History
Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion Pictures
Quigley, Martin
Lantern projection; Motion pictures -- History
The Greene-Rudge-Evans device was a box film camera which, it was
claimed, could be converted into a projector. By this time celluloid
film was available in England as well as in the United States and
France. According to the February 28, 1890, _Photographic News_,
the camera could take ten photographs a second. The Greene camera,
measuring eight by nine by nine-and-a-quarter inches, could take 300
pictures, and a smaller model turned out by Evans, 100 pictures. The
reviewer of 1890 wrote, “the object of it is to obtain consecutive
pictures of things in motion which can afterwards be rapidly
consecutively projected on a screen so as to reproduce, say, a street
scene, with the horses, human beings, and other things moving as in
nature.” Greene this same year claimed that his machine camera would
have important military uses. In this he was farsighted, as the
modern motion picture camera is an important instrument of military
reconnaissance, record and instruction as World War II has so amply
demonstrated.
In the British _Journal of Photography_ for December 5, 1895, A. T.
Story defended Greene’s priority of invention and claimed that Greene’s
projection apparatus of 1889–90 was a success. That conclusion is not
inescapable. There appears no concrete evidence that Greene-Rudge-Evans
achieved screen projection, for it is obvious that had they done so
it would have been widely acclaimed at the time. But they did make a
camera and attempted a projector. The camera apparently was practical.
Marey and others in France, Anschütz in Germany, Edison, and Wallace
Goold Levison in Brooklyn and W. N. Jennings of the U. S. Weather
Bureau in Chicago, among others, were making successful motion picture
films at that time. Projection remained the great problem.
In 1893 Greene obtained a patent on a device related to the
Chronophotographe developed by John Varley, a member of the English
landscape painting family. His projection idea included a loop formed
by means of intermittent pressure on the film passing before the lens.
Greene’s November 29, 1893, patent application, accepted exactly one
year later, was “to produce by means of reflected light artificial
scenery to take the place of the ordinary scenery or background.”
It included “improvements in apparatus for exhibiting panoramic,
dissolving or changing views and in the manufacture of slides for the
use thereof.” From this it is clear that even as late as 1893 Greene’s
idea was limited in scope and effectiveness. At this time Greene made
some pictures in Hyde Park with a large portable camera.
It was described as a camera and projector in one, but that
combination, without many modifications, has never been entirely
practical.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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