But Uchatius then and now should have been praised not for his engines of war but for his important contribution to the magic shadow art-science. For by perfecting a motion picture machine which would bring living pictures before audiences, Uchatius, together with Kircher and Plateau, the other great magic shadow pioneers, deserves credit and the gratitude of untold millions who down through the years have had their lives enriched through this great new medium of expression. The use of Uchatius’ projector spread rapidly. It satisfied a natural urge. Man from the beginning sought to recreate life naturally and realistically. Large screen motion pictures, even of but one scene, repeated over and over, represented a definite step on that road. [Illustration: Abb. 1. Franz Freiherr von Uchatius. _Ölbildnis von Sigmund l’Allemand im Besitz des Wiener Heeresmuseums._ Schweizerische Zeitschrift, 1905 _FRANZ VON UCHATIUS in 1853 combined Kircher’s projector of 1645 and Plateau’s revolving disk of 1832 to achieve the first projection of animated designs._] Within a few years after the publication of accounts of the Uchatius motion picture projector, models were brought out by English and French inventors. Projectors, including one which threw onto a screen by means of a mirror system images of living persons, were used at the London Polytechnic Institute. For many years after the announcement of the Uchatius picture projector, only hand-drawn designs were used. The new photographs were available only in single stills. But now the modern motion picture was just around a not too distant corner. [Illustration: K. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1853 _PROJECTORS by Uchatius. Shown are two versions of the 1853 picture projector. In the one above a picture disk is revolved by a crank. Below, the drawings are in fixed mounts, each before a projection lens, and the light source is revolved._] _XIII_ THE LANGENHEIMS OF PHILADELPHIA _Brothers Langenheim perfect a system of printing photographs on glass slides permitting projection on the screen--Projectors are made by Duboscq in France; Wheatstone and Claudet in England; Brown and Heyl in the United States._ William Penn’s “City of Brotherly Love”, Philadelphia, was the home of several important American contributors to the magic shadow art-science. The first of these were two brothers, Frederic and William Langenheim.