Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion PicturesQuigley, Martin
History
Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion Pictures
Quigley, Martin
Lantern projection; Motion pictures -- History
In 1848 William went abroad and in England concluded a deal with
William Henry Fox Talbot, British pioneer in photography, giving
the Langenheims exclusive contract rights to the Talbot calotype
process which used a negative from which any number of paper prints
could be made. It was a vast improvement over the Daguerreotype
negative-positive system which did not make possible printing of copies
but the Langenheims were not successful in sub-licensing the Talbot
process in America.
Shortly after this the Langenheims made an important contribution to
the art-science of light and shadow pictures by developing a system
which made it possible to project the photographs in the old Kircher
magic lantern. This prepared the way for the projection of a series of
photographs showing a single movement.
Kircher and the others who used his magic lantern, including the
projection model of Uchatius, painted or drew their various scenes on
glass slides. Until about 1850 when the Langenheim development was
announced, there was no satisfactory method of making glass plates of
positive photographs. Of course, the heat of the projecting lamp made
it impossible to use pictures printed on paper.
Frederic Langenheim, with U. S. patent No. 7,784, dated November 19,
1850, solved the problem. The Langenheim system was called “Hyalotype,”
from the Greek, meaning “glass” and “to print” or to print on glass.
Prior to the invention, some time in the winter of 1847–48, the period
of the California Gold Rush, it was said the Langenheims, by means of
a Viennese camera converted into a magic lantern equipped with a gas
lamp, projected Daguerreotype pictures. This probably was achieved with
the aid of a mirror system.
The early Langenheim glass projector slides were circular and of a
deep sepia tint; later excellent black-and-white plates were made. The
Langenheim glass photo slides reproduced nature on the screen “with
fidelity truly astonishing.” The two plates of the slide were made
adherent with Canada Balsam, which is still used in this way as well as
to attach parts of projection lens systems. Only very recently have new
synthetic resins begun to displace Canada Balsam for these purposes.
In 1851 the Langenheim Hyalotypes made their debut in Europe under
great auspices, at the famous Exposition of the Works of All Nations
at London. The glass projection photos were “very remarkable and well
appreciated by competent visitors,” according to Robert Hunt, a pioneer
British photographic authority, who inspected the exhibit and wrote
about it.
There is no evidence that the Langenheims combined their glass
projection slides with the magic disk of Plateau to achieve motion
pictures. They made one contribution and seemed to be satisfied with
that. And it was successful for them, for in the next twenty-five years
many thousands of these slides were sold in the United States.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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