Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion PicturesQuigley, Martin
History
Magic Shadows: The Story of the Origin of Motion Pictures
Quigley, Martin
Lantern projection; Motion pictures -- History
During his visit in Paris Muybridge not only obtained scientific
knowledge from Marey and his associates but took up a practical
projection device, even to the extent of appropriating the name from
Charles Reynaud, a French inventor who was later to be the first great
motion picture showman, even though he preferred using hand-drawn films
to photographs.
Charles Emile Reynaud (1844–1918) in 1877 developed the Praxinoscope
which was an ingenious arrangement of the Plateau magic disk device.
The several pictures were mounted on the inside of a horizontal wheel
and were viewed on a polygonal-mirror in the center. In this device
a number of spectators could watch the moving figures. Light was
reflected from a lamp mounted above. Photographs were also used in
various of the Praxinoscope models. It was useful for color research.
In an article in _La Nature_ of February 1, 1879, it was stated that
Mr. Reynaud had already planned a projection model which would throw
life-size figures from the Praxinoscope onto a screen before a large
audience. In 1880 the French Society of Photographers was asked to
interest itself in this problem.
In 1881, or in the following year, Reynaud achieved success with the
Projection Praxinoscope or Lamposcope described by Gaston Tissandier,
in the November 4, 1882, issue of _La Nature_. One lantern threw the
background and the moving device projected the motion pictures. The
designs were colored on glass slides which were joined in a band. A
special advantage of the Reynaud Projection Praxinoscope or Lamposcope
was that no special light source was required. A common table lamp was
suitable. Of course, only one scene at a time could be shown in the
device for it had no reels to handle the band of glass slides.
One evening, early in 1882, Marey had Muybridge present at a large
gathering. Helmholtz, Bjerknes, Govi, Crookes and others of the French
Academy of Science also were present. The projector fitted with
Muybridge’s photos of action was given its debut. Marey, years later,
commented that those scientists never had seen anything that went so
far in the reproduction of nature as Muybridge-type photographs mounted
in his Zoopraxinographoscope disk and projector.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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