Obstructions to be removed from Rivers, 402 CHAPTER THIRTY-FOUR. The Writ “_Praecipe_.” I. Royal Writs and the Feudal 405 Jurisdictions. II. Influence of this provision on later legal Development, CHAPTER THIRTY-FIVE. Standards of Weights and Measures, 414 CHAPTER THIRTY-SIX. Writ _de Odio et Atia_. I. Trial by Combat prior to 417 John’s Reign. II. The Writ of Life and Limbs. III. Its Subsidiary Uses. IV. Later History of Appeal and Battle, CHAPTER THIRTY-SEVEN. Prerogative Wardship, 427 CHAPTER THIRTY-EIGHT. No Bailiff to put anyone to his “law” without Witnesses. 430 I. Probable Object of this Chapter. II. Medieval Interpretations. III. Modern Interpretations, CHAPTER THIRTY-NINE. I. Its Main Object: (1) Judgment must precede Execution; 436 (2) _Per judicium parium_; (3) _Per legem terrae_; (4) Meaning of "_vel_." II. The scope of the Protection afforded. III. What classes of men enjoyed it. IV. Reactionary Aspects. V. The Genesis of this Chapter. VI. Later History of "Judgment of Peers." VII. Erroneous Interpretations, CHAPTER FORTY. Justice not to be Sold, Refused, or Delayed, 459 CHAPTER FORTY-ONE. Freedom of Trade. I. Magna Carta favours Alien 463 Merchants. II. Customs and Tolls. III. The Motives prompting this Chapter. IV. English Boroughs and Merchant Strangers, CHAPTER FORTY-TWO. Liberty to leave the Kingdom—Writs _ne exeat regno_, 473 CHAPTER FORTY-THREE. Tenants of Escheated Baronies, 478 CHAPTER FORTY-FOUR. I. The Royal Forests. II. Their Origin. III. Forest 482 Officials. IV. Forest Courts. V. Chases, Parks, and Warrens. VI. Forest Rights and Forest Grievances. VII. Later History of Forests and Forest Laws, CHAPTER FORTY-FIVE. Justices, Castellans, Sheriffs, and Bailiffs to be 502 law-abiding men, CHAPTER FORTY-SIX. Wardship over Vacant Abbeys, 505 CHAPTER FORTY-SEVEN. Forests and River-banks encroached upon by John, 507 CHAPTER FORTY-EIGHT. Procedure for abolishing Evil Customs of Forests and 511 elsewhere, CHAPTER FORTY-NINE.