Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John: With an Historical IntroductionMcKechnie, William Sharp
History
Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John: With an Historical Introduction
McKechnie, William Sharp
Constitutional history -- England -- Sources; Law -- England -- History; Law -- England -- Sources; Magna Carta
During the two financial years immediately following (Michaelmas, 1211,
to Michaelmas, 1213) no scutage was imposed. John, however, although he
thus a second time relaxed the tension, had no intention to do so for
long. On the contrary, he determined to ascertain if scutages could not
be made to yield more in the future. By writs, dated 1st June, 1212, he
instituted a great Inquest throughout the land. Commissioners were
appointed to take sworn verdicts of local juries as to the amount of
liability due by each Crown vassal. Mr. Round[136] considers that
previous writers have unaccountably ignored the importance of this
measure, “an Inquest worthy to be named in future by historians in
conjunction with those of 1086 and 1166,”[137] and describes it as an
effort “to revive rights of the Crown alleged to have lapsed.” It is
possible that John, by this Inquest of 1212, sought also
(unsuccessfully, as the sequel proved) to do what Henry had done
successfully in 1166—that is, to increase the amount of knights’ fees on
which each Crown tenant’s scutage was assessed by adding to the previous
total the number of knights recently enfeoffed.
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Footnote 136:
_Commune of London_, pp. 273-4.
Footnote 137:
Two historians, however, who have recently given valuable and
independent accounts of the reign of John, say little of its value.
Sir James Ramsay (_Angevin Empire_, p. 432) treats it briefly, and
Miss Norgate (_John Lackland_, p. 163) barely notices it.
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John clearly intended by this Inquest, the returns to which were due on
the 25th June, 1212, to prepare the necessary machinery for wringing the
uttermost penny out of the next scutage when occasion for one again
arose. That occasion came in 1214.
Up to this date, even John had not dared to exact a rate of more than
two marks per knight’s fee; but the weight of his constant scutages had
been increased by the fact that he sometimes exacted personal services
in addition, and that he inflicted crushing fines upon those who neither
went nor arranged beforehand terms of composition with the King.[138]
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Footnote 138:
Miss Norgate (_John Lackland_, p. 123) describes the exactions
supplementing the scutages: "These scutages were independent of the
fines paid by the barons who did not accompany the King on his first
return to Normandy in 1199, of the money taken from the host as a
substitute for its service in 1201, of the equipment and payment of
the ‘decimated’ knights in 1205, and the fines claimed from all the
tenants-in-chivalry after the dismissal of the host in the same year,
as well as of actual services which many of those who had paid the
scutage rendered in the campaigns of 1202-4 and 1206."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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