Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John: With an Historical IntroductionMcKechnie, William Sharp
History
Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John: With an Historical Introduction
McKechnie, William Sharp
Constitutional history -- England -- Sources; Law -- England -- History; Law -- England -- Sources; Magna Carta
Next year John wisely allowed them breathing space; then without a break
in each of the third, fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh years of his
reign, scutages were extorted in quick succession at the high rate of
two marks. If John meant to establish this as a new normal rate, he did
so not without some show of reason, since that would exactly pay the
wages of a knight at 8d. _per diem_ (the rate then current), for a
period of forty days (the exact term recognized by public opinion as the
maximum of compulsory feudal service).
_Fines_, in addition to this scutage of two marks, were apparently
exacted from those who had not made the necessary compromise for
personal service in due time.[134]
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Footnote 134:
See (for year 1201) Ramsay, _Angevin Empire_, p. 390, and authorities
there cited.
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These scutages were collected with increasing difficulty, and arrears
gradually accumulated; but the spirit of opposition increased even more
rapidly. In 1206, apparently, the breaking point was almost
reached.[135] Accordingly, in that year, some slight relaxation was
allowed—the annual scutage was reduced from two marks to 20s. John’s
needs, however, were as great as ever, and would prevent all further
concessions in future years, unless something untoward happened.
Something untoward _did_ happen in the summer of 1207, when John
quarrelled with the Pope. This event came in time, not as John thought
to _prevent_, but, as the sequel proved, merely to _postpone_, the
crisis of the quarrel with the baronage. John had, for the time being,
the whole of the confiscated property of the clergy in his clutches. The
day of reckoning for this luxury was still far distant, and the King
could meanwhile enjoy a full exchequer without goading his Crown tenants
to rebellion. For three years no scutage was imposed. In 1209, however,
financial needs again closed in on John, and a new scutage of two marks
was levied; followed in the next year actually by two scutages, the
first of two marks against Wales, and the second of 20s. against
Scotland. John never knew when to stop. These three levies, amounting to
a total of five-and-a-half marks per fee within two years, strained the
tension almost to breaking point.
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Footnote 135:
Cf. Miss Norgate, _John Lackland_, p. 125.
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Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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