Mahan on naval warfare : $b Selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. MahanMahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
History
Mahan on naval warfare : $b Selections from the writing of Rear Admiral Alfred T. Mahan
Mahan, A. T. (Alfred Thayer)
Naval art and science; Naval strategy; Sea-power
For fifteen minutes the _Royal Sovereign_ was the only British ship in
close action. Then her next astern entered the battle, followed
successively by the rest of the column. In rear of the _Santa Ana_ were
fifteen ships. Among these, Collingwood’s vessels penetrated in various
directions; chiefly, however, at first near the spot where his flag had
led the way, enveloping and destroying in detail the enemy’s center and
leading rear ships, and then passing on to subdue the rest. Much
doubtless was determined by chance in such confusion and obscurity; but
the original tactical plan ensured an ever-whelming concentration upon a
limited portion of the enemy’s order. This being subdued with the less
loss, because so outnumbered, the intelligence and skill of the various
British captains readily compassed the destruction of the dwindling
remnant. Of the sixteen ships, including the _Santa Ana_, which composed
the allied rear, twelve were taken or destroyed.
Not till one o’clock, or nearly half an hour after the vessels next
following Collingwood came into action, did the _Victory_ reach the
_Bucentaure_. The latter was raked with the same dire results that
befell the _Santa Ana_; but a ship close to leeward blocked the way, and
Nelson was not able to grapple with the enemy’s commander-in-chief. The
_Victory_, prevented from going through the line, fell on board the
_Redoutable_, a French seventy-four, between which and herself a furious
action followed,—the two lying in close contact. At half-past one Nelson
fell mortally wounded, the battle still raging fiercely.
The ship immediately following Nelson’s came also into collision
with the _Redoutable_, which thus found herself in combat with two
antagonists. The next three of the British weather column each in
succession raked the _Bucentaure_, complying thus with Nelson’s
order that every effort must be made to capture the enemy’s
commander-in-chief. Passing on, these three concentrated their
efforts, first upon the _Bucentaure_, and next upon the _Santisima
Trinidad_. Thus it happened that upon the allied commander-in-chief,
upon his next ahead, and upon the ship which, though not his natural
supporter astern, had sought and filled that honorable post,—upon
the key, in short, of the allied order,—were combined under the most
advantageous conditions the fires of five hostile vessels, three of
them first-rates. Consequently, not only were the three added to the
prizes, but also a great breach was made between the van and rear of
the combined fleets. This breach became yet wider by the singular
conduct of Villeneuve’s proper next astern. Soon after the _Victory_
came into action, that ship bore up out of the line, wore round, and
stood toward the rear, followed by three others. This movement is
attributed to a wish to succor the rear. If so, it was at best an
indiscreet and ill-timed act, which finds little palliation in the
fact that not one of these ships was taken.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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