Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
Great discoverers in science must usually be satisfied with having their
names attached to some one phase of scientific development, be it an
instrument, a law, a unit of measurement, a process of investigation or
some phenomenon which they first observed. The originality of Coulomb's
genius will be better appreciated, since besides having a unit of
electricity named after him, there is also a law in electro-magnetics
and a torsion-balance that will always be associated with his name. Few
men have been more ingenious in their ability to put complex ideas into
practical shape and give them simple mechanical expression by
instrumental methods. While his name is to be forever associated with
the science of electrostatics, he was profoundly interested in other
departments of physics, and for him to be interested always meant that
he would illuminate previous knowledge by practical hints and
suggestions and carry the conclusions of his predecessors a little
farther into science than they had ever gone before. His was typically
an experimental genius, and he must be considered one of the men of whom
not more than half a dozen are born in a century, who are, in Kipling's
strong term, "masterless"; who do not need to be taught, but who find
for themselves a path into the domain of the unknown.
Coulomb investigated the fundamental law in electricity and magnetism,
that attractions and repulsions are inversely as the square of the
distances, and showed that it held accurately for point-charges and
point-poles. He demonstrated that these interesting phenomena were not
chance manifestations of irregular forces, but that they represented a
definite mode of action of force, thus setting this department of
knowledge on a scientific basis. While in practical significance Ohm's
Law, discovered nearly a half century later, is of much more import,
Coulomb's discoveries are fundamental in character and, coming in the
very beginnings of modern electrical science, did much to guide the
infant science in the ways it should follow. The establishing of this
law contributed very largely to the rapid development of the twin
sciences of electricity and magnetism. It is experimental observation
that means most for a rising science; and, in fact, that Coulomb should
have been the pioneer in it stamps him as possessed not only of great
originality, but also of the power of independent thinking, which is
perhaps the most precious quality for the man of science.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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