Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
The French investigator succeeded in demonstrating his law by two
distinct methods which are still used for illustration purposes in our
physical laboratories. In the first, he employed the torsion-balance
devised by Michell, and re-invented by himself, an instrument of exact
measurement which, in his hands, yielded as invaluable results as it did
in those of Faraday half a century later. The instrument depends on the
principle first established by Coulomb himself, that when a wire is
twisted, the angle of torsion is directly proportional to the force of
torsion. In the application of this principle, a fine wire is suspended
in a glass case, on the sides of which there is a graduated scale to
measure the degree of repulsion between two like poles of a magnet or
between similarly electrified bodies.
In his second research on the law of the inverse square, Coulomb used
what is known as the method of oscillations. A magnetic needle swinging
under the influence of the earth's magnetism is known to act like a
pendulum, and as such obeys the laws of pendular motion. In applying
this method, Coulomb caused the magnetic needle to oscillate, first,
under the influence of the earth's magnetism alone and then under the
combined influence of the earth and the magnet placed at varying
distances from the needle. The most interesting feature of this work is
the manner in which Coulomb succeeded in eliminating the important
factor of the earth's magnetism from the problem. It is so simple and
ingenious that it commands the admiration of investigators, who employ
it in their laboratory work even to the present day.
It is clear, then, that the International Committee which selected the
term coulomb for the electromagnetic unit of electrical quantity gave
honor where it was eminently due. Coulomb stands out as a man of
precision and accuracy, whose methods of exact measurement
revolutionized the rising science, and whose researches and discoveries
in physics and mechanics furnish ample justification for giving him a
place among the makers of electricity. He was one of the gifted men
whose original works ushered in so gloriously the nineteenth century,
and who laid the deep and firm foundations on which the last three
generations have built up the magnificent temple of electrical science.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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