Makers of ElectricityWalsh, James J. (James Joseph)
History
Makers of Electricity
Walsh, James J. (James Joseph)
Electricity -- Biography
Just how this magnetic energy acts to produce the rotatory motion of a
massive globe Gilbert does not say. Nor was he able to solve such a
magnetic riddle, for there was nothing in his philosophy to explain how
a lodestone-globe in free space should ever become a perpetual magnetic
motor. Oddly enough he disagrees with Peregrinus, who maintained in his
_Epistola_, 1269, that a terrella, or spherical lodestone, poised in the
meridian, would turn on its axis regularly every 24 hours. He naively
says: "We have never chanced to see this; nay, we doubt if there is such
a movement." Continuing, he brings out his clinching argument: "This
daily rotation seems to some philosophers wonderful and incredible
because of the ingrained belief that the mighty mass of earth makes an
orbital movement in 24 hours; it were more incredible that the moon
should in the space of 24 hours traverse her orbit or complete her
course; more incredible that the sun and Mars should do so; still more
that Jupiter and Saturn; more than wonderful would be the velocity of
the fixed stars and firmament."
Here he finds himself obliged to berate Ptolemy for being "over-timid
and scrupulous in apprehending a break up of this nether world were the
earth to move in a circle. Why does he not apprehend universal ruin,
dissolution, confusion, conflagration and stupendous celestial and
super-celestial calamities from a motion (that of the starry sphere)
which surpasses all imagination, all dreams and fables and poetic
license, a motion ineffable and inconceivable?"
Gilbert is not clear and emphatic on the other doctrine of Copernicus,
the revolution of the earth and planets around the sun. He does,
however, say that each of the moving globes "has circular motion either
in a great circular orbit or on its own axis, or in both ways." Again:
"The earth by some great necessity, even by a virtue innate, evident and
conspicuous, is turned circularly about the sun." Elsewhere he affirms
that the moon circles round the earth "by a magnetic compact of both."
He returns to this point in his _De Mundo Nostro_, saying, "The force
which emanates from the moon reaches to the earth; and, in like manner,
the _magnetic virtue_ of the earth pervades the region of the moon."
We have here an implied interaction between two magnetic fields, rather
a clever idea for a magnetician of the sixteenth century. In one case,
the reaction is between the field of the earth and that of the moon,
compelling the latter to rotate round its primary once every month; and
the second, between the field of the earth and that of the sun,
compelling our planet to revolve round the center of our system once
every year.
Though an inefficient cause of the annual motion of our planet, this
interaction of two magnetic fields had, nevertheless, something in
common with the idea of the mutual action of material particles
postulated in the Newtonian theory of universal gravitation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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