"(1) A strong buffalo (to pull the plough). (2) A plough with its appurtenances (to turn over the earth and the short weeds). (3) A harrow with its appurtenances (to level and break up small the clods of earth left by the plough). (4) A roller with its appurtenances (to knock down the long weeds, such as sedges, in fields that have lain fallow for a long while). (5) A wood-cutter's knife, to mend any of the implements that may get out of order at the time of ploughing. (6) A hoe to repair the embankments and level the higher grounds. (7) A scythe [400] to cut the long weeds. (8) And a whip to urge the buffalo on if he is lazy. "3. When the proper season has arrived for beginning the work of planting, and the elders have come to an agreement with the Pawang, then on some Friday after the service in the Mosque the Penghulu addresses all the people there present, saying that on such a day of the month every one who is to take part in rice-cultivation must bring to the Mosque half a quart of grain (for 'mother-seed') in order that Maulud prayers may be read over it. (At that time ketupats [401] and lepats [402] are prepared for the men who are to read those prayers.) "When the Maulud prayers are over, every man goes down to the rice-field, if possible on the same day or the next one, in order to begin ploughing the nursery plot, that is, the plot which is near his house or in which he has been in the habit of sowing the seed every year. "But if a man has a great number of plots, he will begin by ploughing half of them, and then at the end of the month of Zilhijah he must diligently prepare the nursery plot so as to be ready in about ten days' time. Of Sowing "4. Before sowing one must first of all lay out the grain, both the seed-grain and the 'mother-seed,' each separately, to dry. It must then be soaked in a vessel (a bucket or pot) for two days and two nights, after which it is taken out, strained and spread quite evenly on a mat with fresh leaves (areca-nut fronds are best), and every afternoon one must sprinkle water on it in order that the germ may quickly break through, which will happen probably in two days' time or thereabouts.