CHAPTER IV The Malay Pantheon, pp. 83-106 (a) Gods 83 (b) Spirits, Demons, and Ghosts 93 CHAPTER V Magic Rites connected with the Several Departments of Nature, pp. 107-319 (a) Air-- 1. Wind and Weather Charms 107 2. Birds and Bird Charms 109 (b) Earth-- 1. Building Ceremonies and Charms 141 2. Beasts and Beast Charms 149 3. Vegetation Charms 193 4. Minerals and Mining Charms 250 (c) Water-- 1. Purification by Water 277 2. The Sea, Rivers, and Streams 279 3. Reptiles and Reptile Charms 282 4. Fishing Ceremonies 306 (d) Fire-- 1. Production of Fire 317 2. Fire Charms 318 CHAPTER VI Magic Rites as affecting the Life of Man, pp. 320-580 1. Birth-Spirits 320 2. Birth Ceremonies 332 3. Adolescence 352 4. Personal Ceremonies and Charms 361 5. Betrothal 364 6. Marriage 368 7. Funerals 397 8. Medicine 408 9. Dances, Sports, and Games 457 10. Theatrical Exhibitions 503 11. War and Weapons 522 12. Divination and the Black Art 532 Appendix 581 Note on the word Kramat 673 List of Chief Authorities quoted 675 Index 677 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. PAGE 1. Sacrificing at the Fishing Stakes 311 2. Invoking the Tiger Spirit 438 3. Stand used at Invocation of Spirits 447 4. Main Galah Panjang 500 5. Tapers used in exorcising Evil Spirits 511 6. Taper and Ring used in same Ceremony 512 7. Heptacle on which the Seven-Square is based 558 PLATES Plate