Malthus, T. R. (Thomas Robert), 1766-1834; Malthusianism
It is not impossible that Clarke had heard this rumour from Lord Elgin,
and Lord Elgin from Pitt himself, for Pitt had visited Cambridge on the
eve of the dissolution following the Peace of Amiens. On the 16th
(December 1801) he was present at the Commemoration dinner in Trinity
College Hall.[988] The visit is described by Otter:[989] “It happened
that Mr. Pitt was at this time upon a sort of canvassing visit at the
university.... At a supper at Jesus Lodge in the company of some young
travellers, particularly Mr. Malthus, &c., he was induced to unbend in a
very easy conversation respecting Sir Sidney Smith, the massacre at
Jaffa, the Pacha of Acre, Clarke, Carlisle,[990] &c.” Though the talk
was largely on poetry and foreign politics, it may easily have embraced
economics; and the personal meeting may have helped to gain Malthus his
appointment as Professor of History and Political Economy at Haileybury
College. With or without Pitt, the appointment was made in 1805; and in
view of it Malthus was able to carry out, on 13th March 1804, his
marriage with Harriet Eckersall (daughter of John Eckersall of Claverton
House, St. Catherine’s, near Bath), to whom he had probably been for
some years engaged.[991] In 1806 he published the third edition of the
essay (in two volumes), in 1807 the fourth edition, and also the letter
to Samuel Whitbread on his Bill for amending the Poor Laws. If it is
true that he visited Owen at New Lanark, it must have been in the course
of the next seven years.[992] There is nothing signed from his pen in
that time but a letter to Lord Grenville in defence of the East India
College;[993] but in 1814 and 1815 he wrote the _Observations on the
Corn Laws_, the _Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of restricting
Importation_, and _The Nature and Progress of Rent_. In 1807 he had been
with Horner in Wales, impressing Horner, as they went together from
Raglan to Abergavenny, with his idea that the people should “live
dear”;[994] and in 1817 he visited Kerry and Westmeath. In the same
year, 1817, he published the fifth edition of his essay. 1818 would be
memorable to him as the year when Mackintosh joined him at Haileybury as
Professor of General Polity and Law in succession to Mr. Christian. In
1819 Malthus appears as Fellow of the Royal Society, though the honour
did not tempt him back into physical science.[995] In 1820 appeared the
first edition of the _Political Economy_. In 1821, Thomas Tooke, the
author of _High and Low Prices_, founded the Political Economy Club,
James Mill drafting the rules. Malthus, Grote, and Ricardo were among
its members; and the survivors are said to remember well the “crushing
criticisms” by James Mill of Malthus’ speeches.[996]
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