Cf. Chalmers, _Estimate_, p. 4, Pref. p. cxxxviii., and John Howlett’s _Examination of Dr. Price’s Essay_ (Maidstone), 1781. Footnote 372: Cf. Macaulay, _History_, ch. iii. 137. Footnote 373: _Observations_, supplement, p. 366. Cf. Malthus, _Essay_, App. p. 519. Arthur Young, _France_, p. 409. The whole subject will be considered later in connection with Scotland. Footnote 374: See _Observations on Smuggling_, 1779. Footnote 375: But see the _caveat_ in the _Registrar-General’s 44th Report_ (for 1881), p. vi.: The price of wheat and the marriage rate do not always vary inversely. Footnote 376: In the same way the returns to the Board of Agriculture at the end of the century are full of (not quite disinterested) praises of enclosures as an encouragement of population. Footnote 377: Lecky, _Eighteenth Cent._, i. 261, 479 _seq._ Restrictions on the sale were successfully adopted by Pelham in 1751, at the time when the question of depopulation was coming to the front. Footnote 378: An unsafe presumption. See below, Bk. II. ch. ii., &c. Footnote 379: _E. g._ inoculation. Footnote 380: _Essay_, 2nd ed., p. 317; 7th ed., p. 198, compared with 7th ed., p. 189, &c., above, pp. 115–16. Footnote 381: _Essay_, 7th ed., p. 198 note; first printed in 3rd ed. (1806), p. 461 n. Footnote 382: 2nd ed., p. 302 n.; 7th ed., p. 194 n. Footnote 383: This is asserted in the _Preliminary Report_ to the last English census (1881). Against the idea, see the _Annual Register’s_ reviews of Eden’s work on the _Poor_ (1797), and of his _Estimate_ of English numbers (1800). The _Register_ had numbered Burke and Godwin among its writers, and was not likely to be behind public opinion. Footnote 384: See the review of Arthur Young’s _Question of Scarcity plainly stated_, 1800, in _Ann. Register_, sub dato. Footnote 385: Chairman of the Committee on the Public Finances 1797, Speaker of the Commons 1802, Lord Colchester 1817. Footnote 386: 2nd ed., p. 318; 7th ed., p. 204. Cf. 2nd ed., p. 317; 7th ed., pp. 192, 203, 206, 219, &c. Footnote 387: 2nd ed., p. 311; 7th ed., pp. 201, 202, foot. Compare _44th Rept. of Reg.-Gen._ (England), p. v. Footnote 388: As _e. g._ in 1800–1 compared with 1802–3; 7th ed., p. 214. Footnote 389: 2nd ed., p. 319; 7th ed., p. 205. Cf. passages cited on last page. Footnote 390: Cf. _Essay_, 2nd ed., pp. 308–9; 7th ed., pp. 198–9. Footnote 391: 2nd ed., pp. 312–13; 7th ed., p. 201. The 2nd ed. has a reference to “the late scarcities” wanting in the later edds. Registration, be it remembered, was then of baptisms and burials, not births and deaths. Footnote 392: See above, p. 176. Cf. on the other hand the concession, 2nd ed., p. 317; 7th ed., p. 203, middle. Footnote 393: _Essay_, 2nd ed., p. 319; 7th ed., pp. 205–6. Footnote 394: 7th ed., p. 188. Footnote 395: