Rickman himself allowed their defectiveness. See _Essay_, 2nd ed., p. 304; 7th ed., p. 196. Cf. above, p. 179. Footnote 396: 2nd ed., p. 302; 7th ed., p. 194. By the _Registrar-General’s Report_ for 1882 it was as 1 in 64½ in that year. Footnote 397: 2nd ed., p. 303; 7th ed., p. 195. Footnote 398: 7th ed., p. 205. Footnote 399: 2nd ed., pp. 213–14; 7th ed., p. 202. Footnote 400: _45th Report of Registrar-General_ (England), (1882), p. ci. Footnote 401: 7th ed., p. 210. Footnote 402: 2nd ed., p. 302; 7th ed., p. 194 n. Footnote 403: Numbers calculated by “natural increment,” _i. e._ births and deaths—26,138,248; numbers actually enumerated—25,968,286.—_Preliminary Report_, p. iii. Footnote 404: ’31–’41, incr. 14.52; ’71–’81, incr. 14.34. Footnote 405: Or three and a quarter millions of people to England and Wales alone. Footnote 406: 7th ed., II. ix. p. 215 (written first in 5th ed., 1817). Footnote 407: _Essay_, 7th ed., p. 258; cf. _Prel. Rept. Census_, 1881, p. ix. Footnote 408: The account of Scotland in the _Essay_, Bk. II. ch. x., is taken from the _Statistical Account_ of Sir John Sinclair, 1791–99. Sinclair was acting, on the south side of the Tweed, as President of the Board of Agriculture. See below, Bk. II. ch. i. p. 218. Footnote 409: There was very little in Scotland. It is only once mentioned by Adam Smith. MacCulloch says “never,” but he had overlooked _Wealth of Nations_, IV. vii. 251–2. Footnote 410: The last of late introduction. See _Reports to Board of Agriculture: Central Highlands_ (1794), p. 21. Footnote 411: 2nd ed., p. 384; 7th ed., p. 229. Footnote 412: Not feudal but pre-feudal, or allodial. See _Wealth of Nations_, III. iv. 183, 1. Footnote 413: _Wealth of Nations_, ibid. Footnote 414: Selkirk, _Highlands_, 1805, p. 25. Footnote 415: See the _Legend of Montrose_, &c. Footnote 416: Adam Smith, _l. c._; cf. I. viii 36, 1 (the often-quoted description of “half-starved highland women” with their twenty children in contrast to the “pampered fine lady” with few or none.) Footnote 417: _Reports to Board of Agriculture: Central Highlands_, 1794, p. 52. Footnote 418: _Wealth of Nations_, III. iv. 184, 1 (written 1774), a passage which shows that the clearances and the consequent cry of Depopulation are to be looked for as early as the middle of the century. We are sometimes told that from the ’45 to the end of the century was the golden age of highland farmers. But the willingness of the clansmen to enter Chatham’s highland regiments would hardly imply great contentment. Footnote 419: Cf. _Essay on Pop._, pp. 332 (2nd ed.), 227 (7th ed.), and Selkirk, _l. c._, pp. 43 _seq._ _Contra_, see _Report of Crofters Commission_, 1884, p. 51. Footnote 420: