Footnote 473: MacCulloch, _Life of Ricardo_, prefixed to _Princ. of Econ. and Taxation_ (ed. 1876), p. xxv. Footnote 474: Letter quoted by Empson in _Edin. Review_, Jan. 1837. Footnote 475: _Pol. Econ._, Pref. pp. 12, 13 (2nd ed.). Cf. above, p. 57. Footnote 476: Arist., _Ethics_, x. 1. Some thought pleasure was the goal, but, for the sake of others, “one must not say so.” Footnote 477: See below, ch. iv. Footnote 478: Porter’s _Progress of the Nation_, p. 148 (ed. 1851). Cf. MacCulloch, _Wealth of Nations_, Notes, p. 525. Footnote 479: Dissolved in 1817. Footnote 480: Between 1767 and his death in 1820, he wrote no less than a hundred volumes on agriculture. His bet is given in Sir J. Sinclair’s _Life_ by Archdeacon Sinclair, i. 253. Footnote 481: At the end of 1801. Footnote 482: _Communications to Board of Agriculture_, iv. 232–5 (1805). Cf. _Ann. Reg._, 1801, p. 131. Footnote 483: _E. g._ that the members should always use mixed instead of pure wheaten flour. Footnote 484: _Ann. Reg._, 1801, p. 129. Footnote 485: As was done, _e. g._, by Chief Justice Kenyon, King’s Bench, Rex _v._ John Rusby, Nov. 1799. Footnote 486: See J. S. Girdler, _Forestalling_, &c. (1800), S. J. Pratt’s poem on _Bread for the Poor_ (1800). Footnote 487: Girdler, _l. c._ pp. 46,48, &c. Footnote 488: Philps, _Progress of Great Britain_, p. 132. Footnote 489: Cf. the figures given in Malthus’ _Tract on Value_, pp. 69–79, and in Professor Rogers’ _Six Centuries of Work and Wages_, pp. 487 _seq._,—both of them taken chiefly from Eden on the Poor. Footnote 490: _Wealth of Nations_, I. viii. 44, 1. Footnote 491: On the whole subject see Craik, _Hist. of Commerce_, ii. 142–5. Footnote 492: Macpherson, ditto, iii. 148 (year 1728), 307 (year 1757). Footnote 493: _Ibid._, iii. 329, 331; MacC., _Comm. Dict._ (ed. 1871), p. 430. Footnote 494: Cf. _Essay on Population_, p. 352 (7th ed.). Cf. above, p. 25. Footnote 495: Macpherson, iii. 438, 452. Footnote 496: Cf. Malthus, _Essay on Pop._, p. 453 (2nd ed.); _Grounds of on Opinion_, &c., p. 43. Footnote 497: E. g. _National Industry of Scotland_, vol. ii. pp. 208–9 (1779). MacCulloch has quoted other passages (_Wealth of Nations_, xlviii. n., and _Note on Rent_, p. 453, 1, and n.). Sir Edward West agrees with Malthus in his qualified approval of the Corn Laws. See _Price of Corn_, &c., p. 139. Footnote 498: A reprint of the 3rd (?) Footnote 499: If we include the _Crisis_, it would be the fifth time. Footnote 500: It was popular enough to reach a 3rd edition in 1815. Footnote 501: See _Grounds of an Opinion_, &c., p. 2. Footnote 502: _Observations_, pp. 20–1. Footnote 503: _Ibid._, p. 17. Footnote 504: The English price in Nov. 1884. Footnote 505: _Observations_, pp. 19, 22, 23, 27. Footnote 506: