See above, p. 340. Footnote 800: _Essay_, 7th ed., IV. x. 446–7. Footnote 801: Emigr. Comm. (1827), qu. 3310. Footnote 802: IV. xiii. 474. Potatoes are a godsend to such, he says in another place (_Edin. Rev._, July 1808, p. 344). Footnote 803: See above, Bk. II. ch. i. Footnote 804: See above, p. 301. Footnote 805: E. g. _Essay_, IV. ix. 433. Footnote 806: In Germany poor scholars from the country are often, when attending the University, billeted for bread and butter on the well-to-do citizens; and learning proves on the whole so inconsistent with laziness, that the practice does not make them unwilling to earn their own living afterwards. Footnote 807: A protective duty is indirect relief of the protected industry, but as a rule the protected are secured against indolence by their own domestic competition; and the fault of protection lies elsewhere than in encouragement of indolence. Footnote 808: Rénan, _Qu’est ce qu’une Nation?_ Footnote 809: Cf. above, p. 225. Footnote 810: Cf. p. 36. Footnote 811: The reaction against Rousseau and Godwin may partly account for the absence of Cosmopolitanism. Footnote 812: See above, ch. i. Footnote 813: Some one has said, “Was man nicht definiren kann, zieht man als Organismus an;” and we had been told, long before, that a simile is either “idem per idem” or “idem per aliud,” either of them a logical fallacy. Footnote 814: _Essay_, Bk. IV. ch. x. p. 445. “Every man has a right to do what he will with his own.” But the question is:—What is his own? Footnote 815: Professor T. H. Green, _Liberal Legislation and Freedom of Contract_, Oxford, 1881. Footnote 816: τὴν φιλίαν ἀναγκαῖον ὑάρη γίνεσθαι. _Ar. Pol._, II. ii. Footnote 817: See above, p. 310. Footnote 818: _Discourse on the Christian Union._ See _Essay on Population_, 7th ed., p. 254 n.; Price, _Observations_, p. 206 n. Footnote 819: From Matth. vi. 10, and Psal. cxxii. 2 _seq._ Footnote 820: See esp. pp. 12–18, and 20 (4th ed., 1790). Footnote 821: Pt. II. Essay V. pp. 228 _seq._ _Life_, ii. 292. Cf. ii. 64. Footnote 822: _Life_, ii. 64. Footnote 823: _Thoughts_, p. 10 and n. Cf. pp. 43, 45. In _Progress and Poverty_ (p. 93, ed. 1881) we are told that Godwin “until his old age disdained a reply” to Malthus. Footnote 824: _Thoughts_, p. 61. Footnote 825: _Ibid._, p. 67. Footnote 826: _Ibid._, pp. 72–3. Footnote 827: _Life of Godwin_, i. 324. Footnote 828: See above, p. 208 n. In the 5th edition he turns his back on Godwin and addresses Owen. Footnote 829: So Coleridge (MS. note to p. vii. of his quarto copy of the essay): “And of course you wholly confute your former pamphlet, and might have spared yourself the trouble of _making up_ the present quarto.” Footnote 830: _Edin. Rev._, 1802, on Dr. Rennel’s _Discourses_, Syd. Sm., _Works_, i. p. 8. Footnote 831: