Doubleday, _True Law of Population_ (1841). Above, p. 65. See Herbert Spencer, _Biology_, Vol. II. pt. vi. ch. xii. pp. 455, 480, &c. The physiologists have amply refuted Doubleday. Footnote 936: Herbert Spencer. See above, p. 393. W. R. Greg, _Enigmas_. Above, p. 394. Footnote 937: New Malthusians. See above, p. 24. Footnote 938: See above, pp. 365 _seq._ The orthodoxy of Malthus is proved not by a few orthodox sentences which can be gleaned from him (as from Bacon), or even by the discovery of flaws in the received doctrine, but by the whole logic of the essay. Footnote 939: See above, pp. 365 _seq._ Footnote 940: See above, p. 336. Footnote 941: See above, p. 328. Footnote 942: See above, p. 96. Footnote 943: The authorship of the article is shown by Macvey Napier’s Letters _sub dato_, and that of the biogr. preface by Empson’s art., p. 472. Footnote 944: “Daniel Malthus, 17, Sydenham de parochia Sti Giles Londini Armigeri filius” (Matriculation entry, Easter term, 1747). Footnote 945: See Gibbon’s _Memoirs_, p. 46 (ed. Hunt and Clarke), and Jeffrey’s _Life_, i. 40. Footnote 946: Cf. _Wealth of Nations_, V. i. art., pp. 341 foll. Footnote 947: Biogr. pref. to _Pol. Econ._ (1836), p. xxvi. Footnote 948: The name Malthus itself is probably Malt-hus, or Malthouse (cf. Shorthouse, Maltby), which still occurs as a surname in England. Francis (or, some say, Thomas) Malthus wrote on ‘Fireworks, fortification, and arithmetic,’ in French and in English, 1629. Footnote 949: Except _perhaps_ in a letter quoted by Otter, biogr. pref. p. xxvii. (date 1788). Footnote 950: _l. c._ p. xxv. Footnote 951: _l. c._ pp. xxv and xxvi, which show, however, that at fifty-seven the strength had failed a little. Footnote 952: “He was not born to copy the works of others.”—Letter in _Gentl. Mag._, Feb. 1800. See above, p. 7, and Otter, p. xxii. Footnote 953: Otter, pp. xxi, xxii. Footnote 954: So he urges Robert continually to “apply his tools.” “I hate to see a girl working curious stitches upon a piece of rag.”—Otter, p. xxvi. Footnote 955: _Gentl. Mag._, Jan. 1800, p. 86; cf. Feb. 1800, p. 177; Otter, p. xxvi. Footnote 956: _Monthly Mag._, March 1800, Otter, p. xxii. What and where were the pieces we are not told. Footnote 957: Written in 1772, and republished in Mrs. Barbauld’s series of _British Novelists_, 1820. Graves lived at Claverton from 1750 till his death in 1804, in his ninetieth year. He became Fellow of All Souls in 1730, and may have known Daniel Malthus at Oxford. Footnote 958: Whom he names and quotes freely. Tucker, in _Light of Nature_, shows the same open dislike of them, but with much more good-humour and taste. Footnote 959: In 1780 or thereabouts. Footnote 960: