_Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); upper parts dusky brown, paler on sides, individual hairs on middle of back tipped with black or with Light Pinkish Cinnamon (capitalized color term after Ridgway, Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C., 1912); head grayer especially on cheeks; underparts dusky (dark bases of white-tipped hairs exposed), hairs on throat and inguinal region of adult specimen white to base; outside of legs dusky gray; tail scaly in appearance and sparsely covered with short, blackish hairs above and short, whitish hairs below; skull with auditory bulla large; external auditory meatus large; palatine region narrow; sides of interpterygoid fossa concave and broadly excavated near posterior end of molariform tooth-rows. _Comparison._--_Neotoma angustapalata_ has been compared with _N. torquata_ (specimens from Veracruz and Puebla), _N. navus_ (Coahuila), _N. mexicana_ (New Mexico), _N. micropus_ (Tamaulipas), _N. albigula_ (Coahuila), _N. ferruginea_ (Jalisco), and _N. distincta_ (from published description in Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 31:64, October 19, 1910). _Neotoma angustapalata_ differs from _N. micropus_ and _N. albigula_ in having a deep, instead of a shallow, anterointernal reentrant angle on the first upper molar and seems to belong to the _N. mexicana_ group of wood rats. _Neotoma angustapalata_ differs from _N. navus_, _N. mexicana_, _N. torquata_, and _N. ferruginea_ in larger size, darker underparts, tail with sparse, short hairs and scaly appearance, more broadly concave sides of interpterygoid fossa at posterior end of molariform tooth-rows, larger external auditory meatus, and narrower palatine breadth. _Neotoma angustapalata_ differs from the description of _N. distincta_ in having a faintly bicolored tail, no ochraceous pectoral band, broadly concave sides to interpterygoid fossa, and narrower palatine breadth. _Remarks._--_Neotoma angustapalata_ is represented by two specimens; the type and another specimen, an adult male, no. 37062, with skin and broken skull. The description takes into account both of these specimens. The most significant characteristics of _N. angustapalata_ are its scaly-appearing tail with short, sparse hairs, dusky underparts, broadly concave sides of the interpterygoid fossa at the posterior end of molariform tooth-rows, and the narrow palatine breadth. Among named kinds of _Neotoma_, the newly named species most closely resembles _N. torquata_ and _N. distincta_; however, it is geographically widely separated from these two species. _Neotoma navus_ of southeastern Coahuila is the only other member of the _N. mexicana_ group in northeastern Mexico.