BIBLIOGRAPHY 417 INDEX 430 ILLUSTRATIONS TOPOGRAPHY FIGURE PAGE Mount Rainier from Indian Henrys _frontispiece_ 1. Cascade Mountains at Canadian Boundary 17 2. Columbia River one mile south of Kellers Ferry 19 4. Cascade Mountains in Chelan National Forest 21 5. Mount Rainier, Yakima Park 22 6. Columbia River in Stevens County 23 7. Blue Mountains, Washington 24 8. North Side of Mount Rainier 26 9. Mount Rainier: Cowlitz Chimneys 28 10. A "pothole" crowded by drifting sand 30 12. Arctic-Alpine Life-zone on Mount Rainier 33 13. Humid subdivision of the Transition Life-zone 34 14. Timbered, arid subdivision of the Transition Life-zone 35 15. Upper Sonoran Life-zone 37 16. Canadian Life-zone 38 18. McDowell Lake. Little Pend Oreille Wildlife Refuge 50 19. Pend Oreille River near Newport 59 20. Rocky bluff along north bank of the Columbia River 65 MAMMALS FIGURE PAGE 21. Gibbs shrew-mole 122 23. Coast mole and Townsend mole 125 25. Coast mole 128 41. Long-eared bat: female with young 161 42. Boulder Cave: habitat of long-eared bats 162 48. Female black bear and two cubs 171 49. Black bear in "hibernation" 173 54. Fisher 187 59. Wolverine 202 60. Wolverine: dried pelt 203 62. River otter 208 66. Badger 220 69. Coyote 226 72. Cougar or mountain lion: skin 234 73. Cougar or mountain lion: pelts 235 75. Canadian lynx 238 76. Trapper's catch of nine Canadian lynx 239 78. Bobcat 241 82. Townsend chipmunk 260