Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural HistoryDalquest, Walter Woelber
Science
Mammals of Washington, Volume 2: University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History
Dalquest, Walter Woelber
Mammals -- Washington (State)
Because of its limited range and the short time of its establishment,
the Beechey ground squirrel has been studied little in Washington.
According to Howell (1938: 28), this race is less prolific and abundant
than other members of the species. Of the Beechey ground squirrel,
certainly the subspecies _C. b. douglasii_, is less common, locally and
over wide areas, in its range in California and Oregon, than are the
subspecies _C. b. beecheyi_ and _C. b. fisheri_ in California. In
Washington, on the other hand, _douglasii_ is locally abundant, perhaps
more so than elsewhere.
The habits of this race in California have been studied by Grinnell and
Dixon (1919: 595-807). Burrows have been excavated near Eugene, Oregon,
and the findings published (Edge, 1934: 189-193). Burrows were dug on
sloping or well-drained ground. Mounds of earth at the entrances were
usually inconspicuous but well-worn trails led to the burrows. The
burrows entered the ground at an angle of 35° for about two feet, then
flattened out horizontally for six feet or more. The burrows were from 1
to 4 feet deep, usually about 2 feet. Ordinary burrows had a single
entrance but some older burrows had two or more. Burrows branched
frequently. Nest chambers were of the shape of a flattened sphere 10
inches in diameter. Frequently more than one nest was found in a burrow,
but only one was in use at a time. Some nests were infested with fleas.
Nests frequently contained food. Most of the burrows observed by me had
their entrances beside rocks or oak roots. In alfalfa fields near Bingen
and Lyle, Klickitat County, the burrows were in open fields and the
entrances were marked by large mounds of earth. In actual diameter the
burrows seemed smaller than those of _Citellus columbianus_.
Aestivation and hibernation of the ground squirrels in the lower
Columbia River Valley seem unnecessary, for the climate is temperate and
humid. It is not established that _douglasii_ hibernates in other parts
of its range where the climate is mild. Specimens shot at White Salmon
in early March were lean and gave no evidence of having hibernated.
The Beechey ground squirrel is an excellent climber; I have seen
individuals in oak trees on a number of occasions. They like to sit on
fence posts and when alarmed descend head foremost, with speed and
agility. In running on the ground their movements are more graceful than
those of _Citellus columbianus_ but are unlike the flowing, bounding run
of tree squirrels.
Near White Salmon and Lyle, these ground squirrels were eating burr
clover (_Medicago_), grasses (_Bromus_), and alfalfa. In some places
they do considerable damage to alfalfa fields. They probably eat acorns
and are said to eat some insects.
In California the young are born in May and number five to seven.
No disease has been recorded for this subspecies but a related form in
California (_Citellus b. beecheyi_) is known to harbor plague (Kellogg,
1935: 857) and tularemia (McCoy, 1911: 53-71).
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