Materialism; Mind and body; Physiology -- Early works to 1800
What can I add to the stories already told of those who imagine
themselves transformed into wolf-men, cocks or vampires, or of those
who think that the dead feed upon them? Why should I stop to speak
of the man who imagines that his nose or some other member is of
glass? The way to help this man regain his faculties and his own
flesh-and-blood nose is to advise him to sleep on hay, lest he break
the fragile organ, and then to set fire to the hay that he may be
afraid of being burned--a fear which has sometimes cured paralysis. But
I must touch lightly on facts which everybody knows.
Neither shall I dwell long on the details of the effects of sleep. Here
a tired soldier snores in a trench, in the middle of the thunder of
hundreds of cannon. His soul hears nothing; his sleep is as deep as
apoplexy. A bomb is on the point of crushing him. He will feel this
less perhaps than he feels an insect which is under his foot.
On the other hand, this man who is devoured by jealousy, hatred,
avarice, or ambition, can never find any rest. The most peaceful spot,
the freshest and most calming drinks are alike useless to one who
has not freed his heart from the torment of passion.
The soul and the body fall asleep together. As the motion of the
blood is calmed, a sweet feeling of peace and quiet spreads through
the whole mechanism. The soul feels itself little by little growing
heavy as the eyelids droop, and loses its tenseness, as the fibres
of the brain relax; thus little by little it becomes as if paralyzed
and with it all the muscles of the body. These can no longer sustain
the weight of the head, and the soul can no longer bear the burden
of thought; it is in sleep as if it were not.
Is the circulation too quick? the soul can not sleep. Is the soul
too much excited? the blood can not be quieted: it gallops through
the veins with an audible murmur. Such are the two opposite causes
of insomnia. A single fright in the midst of our dreams makes the
heart beat at double speed and snatches us from needed and delicious
repose, as a real grief or an urgent need would do. Lastly as the
mere cessation of the functions of the soul produces sleep, there
are, even when we are awake (or at least when we are half awake),
kinds of very frequent short naps of the mind, vergers' dreams, which
show that the soul does not always wait for the body to sleep. For
if the soul is not fast asleep, it surely is not far from sleep,
since it can not point out a single object to which it has attended,
among the uncounted number of confused ideas which, so to speak,
fill the atmosphere of our brains like clouds.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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