Materialism; Mind and body; Physiology -- Early works to 1800
Do you ask for further observations? Here are some which are
incontestable and which all prove that man resembles animals perfectly,
in his origin as well as in all the points in which we have thought
it essential to make the comparison....
Let us observe man both in and out of his shell, let us examine young
embryos of four, six, eight or fifteen days with a microscope; after
that time our eyes are sufficient. What do we see? The head alone;
a little round egg with two black points which mark the eyes. Before
that, everything is formless, and one sees only a medullary pulp,
which is the brain, in which are formed first the roots of the nerves,
that is, the principle of feeling, and the heart, which already
within this substance has the power of beating of itself; it is the
punctum saliens of Malpighi, which perhaps already owes a part of its
excitability to the influence of the nerves. Then little by little, one
sees the head lengthen from the neck, which, in dilating, forms first
the thorax inside which the heart has already sunk, there to become
stationary; below that is the abdomen which is divided by a partition
(the diaphragm). One of these enlargements of the body forms the arms,
the hands, the fingers, the nails, and the hair; the other forms the
thighs, the legs, the feet, etc., which differ only in their observed
situation, and which constitute the support and the balancing pole of
the body. The whole process is a strange sort of growth, like that
of plants. On the tops of our heads is hair in place of which the
plants have leaves and flowers; everywhere is shown the same luxury
of nature, and finally the directing principle of plants is placed
where we have our soul, that other quintessence of man.
Such is the uniformity of nature, which we are beginning to realize;
and the analogy of the animal with the vegetable kingdom, of man with
plant. Perhaps there even are animal plants, which in vegetating,
either fight as polyps do, or perform other functions characteristic
of animals....
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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