Man and the Glacial PeriodWright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
History
Man and the Glacial Period
Wright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
Glacial epoch; Prehistoric peoples
From the mouth of Beaver Creek, down the Ohio, the terrace is constant
(sometimes upon one side of the river and sometimes upon the other),
but, according to rule, the material of which it is composed gradually
grows finer, and the elevation of the terrace decreases. According to
rule, also, there is a notable increase in the height of the terrace
below each affluent which enters the river from the glaciated region.
This is specially noticeable below Marietta, at the mouth of the
Muskingum, whose head-waters drain an extensive portion of the glaciated
area. From the mouth of the Little Beaver to this point the tributaries
of the Ohio are all small, and none of them rise within the glacial
limit. Hence they could contribute nothing of the granitic material which
enters so largely into the formation of the river terrace; but below the
mouth of the Muskingum the terrace suddenly ascends to a height of nearly
one hundred feet above low-water mark.
Again, at the mouth of the Scioto at Portsmouth, there is a marked
increase in the size of the terrace, which is readily accounted for by
the floods which came down the Scioto Valley from the glaciated region.
The next marked increase is at Cincinnati, just below the mouth of the
Little Miami, whose whole course lay in the glaciated region, and whose
margin is lined by very pronounced terraces. At Cincinnati the upper
terrace upon which the city is built is 120 feet above the flood-plain.
Twenty-five miles farther down the river, near Lawrenceburg, these
glacial terraces are even more extensive, the valley being there between
three and four miles wide, and being nearly filled with gravel deposits
to a height of 112 feet above the flood-plain. Below this point the
terraces gradually diminish in height, and the material becomes finer
and more water-worn, until it merges at last in the flood-plain of the
Mississippi. The course of the Wabash River is too long to permit it to
add materially to the size of the terraces which characterise the broader
valley of the Ohio below the Illinois line.
It is in terraces such as these just described that we find the imbedded
relics of man which definitely connect him with the great Ice age. These
have now been found in the glacial terraces of the Delaware River at
Trenton, N. J.; in similar terraces in the valley of the Tuscarawas River
at New Comerstown, and in the valley of the Little Miami at Loveland and
Madisonville, in Ohio; on the East Fork of White River, at Medora, Ind.;
and still, again, at Little Falls, in the trough of the Mississippi, some
distance above Minneapolis, Minn.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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