Man and the Glacial PeriodWright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
History
Man and the Glacial Period
Wright, G. Frederick (George Frederick)
Glacial epoch; Prehistoric peoples
For example, the Delaware River emerges from the glaciated region at
Belvidere, and there are there vast accumulations of gravel rising a
hundred or more feet above the present level of the river, while gravel
terraces, diminishing in height, mark the river below to tide-water at
Trenton. The Lehigh River leaves the glaciated region at Hickory Run, a
few miles above Mauch Chunk, but the gorge is so steep that there was
little opportunity either for the accumulation of gravel there or for its
preservation. Still, the transported gravel and boulders characteristic
of the melting floods pouring forth from a glacier, are found lining the
banks of the Lehigh all along the lower portion of its course. In the
Susquehanna River we have a better example at Beach Haven, in Luzerne
County, where there are very extensive accumulations of gravel resting
on the true glacial deposits of the valley, and extending down the river
in terraces of regularly diminishing height for many miles, and merging
into terraces of moderate elevation which line the Susquehanna Valley
throughout the rest of its course. Above Beach Haven the gravel deposits
in the trough of the river valley are more irregular, and betray the
modifying influence of the slowly decaying masses of ice which belonged
to the enveloping continental glacier.
Westward from the north fork of the Susquehanna, similar extensive
accumulations of gravel occur at the intersection of Fishing Creek in
Columbia County, Muncy, Loyalsock, Lycoming, and Pine Creeks in Lycoming
County, all tributary to the Susquehanna River, and all evidently being
channels through which the melting floods of the ice-sheet brought
vast quantities of gravel down to the main stream. Williamsport, on
the West Branch of the Susquehanna, is built upon an extensive terrace
containing much granitic material, brought down from the glaciated region
by Lycoming Creek, when it was flooded with the waters melted from the
continental ice-sheet which had here surmounted the Alleghanies and
invaded the valley of the Susquehanna.
Analogous deposits of unusual amounts of gravel, occurring in streams
flowing southward from the glaciated region, occur at Great Valley,
Little Valley, and Steamburg in Cattaraugus County, New York, and
at Russelburg and Garland in Warren County, Pennsylvania, also at
Titusville and Franklin in Venango County, and at Wampum in Lawrence
County, of the same State.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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