[273] "Li Mociconghi cosi nomati nel suo proprio idioma gli abitanti del reame di Congo" (_Relatione_, etc., Rome, 1591, p. 68). This form is remarkable, being singular (_Moci = Mushi_) instead of plural (_Eshi_); yet it is still currently applied to the rude "Mushi-Kongos" on the south side of the estuary. Their real name however is Bashi-Kongo. See _Brit. Mus. Ethnog. Handbook_, p. 219. [274] Often written _Ba-Fiort_ with an intrusive _r_. [275] Under Belgian administration much ethnological work has been undertaken, and published in the _Annales du Musee du Congo_, notably the magnificent monograph on the _Bushongo_ (_Bakuba_) by E. Torday and T. A. Joyce, 1911. See also H. H. Johnston, _George Grenfell and the Congo_, 1908; M. W. Hilton-Simpson, _Land and Peoples of the Kasai_, 1911; E. Torday, _Camp and Tramp in African Wilds_, 1913; J. H. Weeks, _Among Congo Cannibals_, 1913, and _Among the Primitive Bakongo_, 1914; and Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg, _From the Congo to the Niger and the Nile_, 1913. [276] _The First Ascent of the Kassai_, 1889, p. 20 sq. See also my communication to the _Academy_, April 6, 1889, and _Africa_ (Stanford's Compendium), 1895, Vol. II. p. 117 sq. [277] _Op. cit._ p. 20. [278] _The New World of Central Africa_, 1890, p. 466 sq. [279] _Op. cit._ p. 471. [280] These _Mpangwe_ savages are constantly confused with the _Mpongwes_ of the Gabun, a settled Bantu people who have been long in close contact, and on friendly terms, with the white traders and missionaries in this district. [281] The scanty information about the Ba-Teke is given, with references, by E. Torday and T. A. Joyce, "Notes on the Ethnography of the Ba-Huana," _Journ. Roy. Anthr. Inst._ XXXVI. 1906. [282] My _Africa_, II. p. 58. Oscar Lenz, who perhaps knew them best, says: "Gut gebaut, schlank und kraeftig gewachsen, Hautfarbe viel lichter, manchmal stark ins Gelbe spielend, Haar und Bartwuchs auffallend stark, sehr grosse Kinnbaerte" (_Skizzen aus West-Afrika_, 1878, p. 73). [283] M. H. Kingsley, _Travels in West Africa_, 1897, pp. 331-2. [284] _Official Report_, 1886. [285] H. H. Johnston, _George Grenfell and the Congo ... and Notes on the Cameroons_, 1908. [286] Reclus, English ed., XII. p. 376. [287] So also in Minahassa, Celebes, _Empung_, "Grandfather," is the generic name of the gods. "The fundamental ideas of primitive man are the same all the world over. Just as the little black baby of the Negro, the brown baby of the Malay, the yellow baby of the Chinaman are in face and form, in gestures and habits, as well as in the first articulate sounds they mutter, very much alike, so the mind of man, whether he be Aryan or Malay, Mongolian or Negrito, has in the course of its evolution passed through stages which are practically identical" (Sydney J. Hickson, _A Naturalist in North Celebes_, 1889, p. 240). [288] _Op. cit._ p. 96. [289] "The God of the Ethiopians," in _Nature_, May 26, 1892.