[456] With regard to _Man_ (_Man-tse_) it should be explained that in Chinese it means "untameable worms," that is, _wild_ or _barbarous_, and we are warned by Desgodins that "il ne faut pas prendre ces mots comme des noms propres de tribus" (_Bul. Soc. Geogr._ XII. p. 410). In 1877 Capt. W. Gill visited a large nation of _Man-tse_ with 18 tribal divisions, reaching from West Yunnan to the extreme north of Sechuen, a sort of federacy recognising a king, with Chinese habits and dress, but speaking a language resembling Sanskrit (?). These were the _Sumu_, or "White Man-tse," apparently the same as those visited in 1896 by Mrs Bishop, and by her described as semi-independent, ruled by their own chiefs, and in appearance "quite Caucasian, both men and women being very handsome," strict Buddhists, friendly and hospitable, and living in large stone houses (Letter to _Times_, Aug. 18, 1896). [457] "Des paysannes nongs dont les cheveux etaient blonds, quelquefois meme roux." _Op. cit._ [458] _L'Anthropologie_, 1896, p. 602 sq. [459] "On the Relations of the Indo-Chinese and Inter-Oceanic Races and Languages." Paper read at the Meeting of the Brit. Association, Sheffield, 1879, and printed in the _Journ. Anthr. Inst._, February, 1880. [460] In the Javanese annals the invaders are called "Cambojans," but at this time (about 1340) Camboja had already been reduced, and the Siamese conquerors had brought back from its renowned capital, Angkor Wat, over 90,000 captives. These were largely employed in the wars of the period, which were thus attributed to Camboja instead of to Siam by foreign peoples ignorant of the changed relations in Indo-China. [461] How very dark some of these corners can be may be seen from the sad picture of maladministration, vice, and corruption still prevalent so late as 1890, given by Hallett in _A Thousand Miles on an Elephant_, Ch. xxxv.; and even still later by H. Warington Smyth in _Five Years in Siam, from 1891 to 1896_ (1898). This observer credits the Siamese with an undeveloped sense of right and wrong, so that they are good only by accident. "To do a thing because it is right is beyond them; to abstain from a thing because it is against their good name, or involves serious consequences, is possibly within the power of a few; the question of right and wrong does not enter the calculation." But he thinks they may possess a high degree of intelligence, and mentions the case of a peasant, who from an atlas had taught himself geography and politics. P. A. Thompson, _Lotus Land_, 1906, gives an account of the country and people of Southern Siam. [462] Probably a corruption of _talapat_, the name of the palm-tree which yields the fan-leaf constantly used by the monks.