Range of the Oceanic Mongols--The terra "Malay"--The Historical Malays--Malay Cradle--Migrations and Present Range--The Malayans--The Javanese--Balinese and Sassaks--Hindu Legends in Bali--The Malayan Seafarers and Rovers--Malaysia and Pelasgia: a Historical Parallel--Malayan Folklore--Borneo--Punan--Klemantan-- Bahau-Kenyah-Kayan--Iban (Sea Dayak)--Summary--Religion--Early Man and his Works in Sumatra--The Mentawi Islanders--Javanese and Hindu Influences--The Malaysian Alphabets--The Battas: Cultured Cannibals--Hindu and Primitive Survivals--The Achinese--Early Records--Islam and Hindu Reminiscences--Ethnical Relations in Madagascar--Prehistoric Peoples--Oceanic Immigrants--Negroid Element--Arab Element--Uniformity of Language--Malagasy Gothamites--Partial Fusion of Races--Hova Type--Black Element from Africa--Mental Qualities of the Malagasy--Spread of Christianity--Culture--Malagasy Folklore--The Philippine Natives--Effects of a Christian Theocratic Government on the National Character--Social Groups: the Indios, the Infielos, and the Moros--Malayans and Indonesians in Formosa--The Chinese Settlers--Racial and Linguistic Affinities--Formosa a Connecting Link between the Continental and Oceanic Populations--The Nicobarese. CONSPECTUS. #Present Range.# _Indonesia, Philippines, Formosa, Nicobar Is., Madagascar._ #Hair#, _same as Southern Mongols, scant or no beard_. #Colour#, _yellowish or olive brown, yellow tint sometimes very faint or absent, light leathery hue common in Madagascar_. #Skull#, _brachy or sub-brachycephalic (78 to 85)_. #Jaws#, _slightly projecting_. #Cheek-bones#, _prominent, but less so than true Mongol_. #Nose#, _rather small, often straight with widish nostrils (mesorrhine)_. #Eyes#, _black, medium size, horizontal or slightly oblique, often with Mongol fold_. #Stature#, _undersized, from 1.52 m. to 1.65 m. (5 ft. to 5 ft. 5 in.)_. #Lips#, _thickish, slightly protruding, and kept a little apart in repose_. #Arms# _and_ #legs#, _rather small, slender and delicate_; #feet#, _small_. #Temperament.# _Normally quiet, reserved and taciturn, but under excitement subject to fits of blind fury_; _fairly intelligent, polite and ceremonious, but uncertain, untrustworthy, and even treacherous_; _daring, adventurous and reckless_; _musical_; _not distinctly cruel, though indifferent to physical suffering in others_. #Speech#, _various branches of a single stock language_--_the_ #Austronesian# (#Oceanic# _or_ #Malayo-Polynesian#), _at different stages of agglutination_.