#Colour#, _light or dirty yellowish amongst all true Mongols and Siberians_; _very variable (white, sallow, swarthy) in the transitional groups (Finns, Lapps, Magyars, Bulgars, Western Turks), and many Manchus and Koreans_; _in Japan the unexposed parts of the body also white_. #Skull#, _highly brachycephalic in the true Mongol(80 to 85)_; _variable (sub-brachy and sub-dolicho) in most transitional groups and even some Siberians (Ostyaks and Voguls 77)_. #Jaws#, #cheek-bones#, #nose#, _and_ #eyes# _much the same as in South Mongols_; _but nose often large and straight, and eyes straight, greyish, or even blue in Finns, Manchus, Koreans, and some other Mongolo-Caucasians_. #Stature#, _usually short (below 1.68 m., 5 ft. 6 in.), but many Manchus and Koreans tall, 1.728 m. to 1.778 m. (5 ft. 8 or 10 in.)_. #Lips#, #arms#, #legs#, _and_ #feet#, _usually the same as South Mongols_; _but Japanese legs disproportionately short_. #Temperament#, _of all true Mongols and many Mongoloids, dull, reserved, somewhat sullen and apathetic_; _but in some groups (Finns, Japanese) active and energetic_; _nearly all brave, warlike, even fierce, and capable of great atrocities, though not normally cruel_; _within the historic period the character has almost everywhere undergone a marked change from a rude and ferocious to a milder and more humane disposition_; _ethical tone higher than South Mongol, with more developed sense of right and wrong_. #Speech#, _very uniform_; _apparently only one stock language_ (#Finno-Tatar# _or_ #Ural-Altaic Family#), _a highly typical agglutinating form with no prefixes, but numerous postfixes attached loosely to an unchangeable root, by which their vowels are modified in accordance with subtle laws of vocalic harmony_; _the chief members of the family (Finnish, Magyar, Turkish, Mongol, and especially Korean and Japanese) diverge greatly from the common prototype_. #Religion#, _originally spirit-worship through a mediator_ (Shaman), _perhaps everywhere, and still exclusively prevalent amongst Siberian and all other uncivilised groups_; _all Mongols proper, Manchus, and Koreans nominal Buddhists_; _all Turki peoples Moslem_; _Japanese Buddhists and Shintoists_; _Finns, Lapps, Bulgars, Magyars, and some Siberians real or nominal Christians_. #Culture#, _rude and barbaric rather than savage amongst the Siberian aborigines, who are nearly all nomadic hunters and fishers with half-wild reindeer herds but scarcely any industries_; _the Mongols proper, Kirghiz, Uzbegs and Turkomans semi-nomadic pastors_; _the Anatolian and Balkan Turks, Manchus, and Koreans settled agriculturists, with scarcely any arts or letters and no science_; _Japanese, Finns, Bulgars and Magyars civilised up to, and in some respects beyond the European average (Magyar and Finnish literature, Japanese art)_. #Mongol Proper.# _Sharra (Eastern), Kalmak (Western), Buryat (Siberian) Mongol._ #Tungus.# _Tungus proper, Manchu, Gold, Oroch, Lamut._