Man, Past and PresentKeane, A. H. (Augustus Henry)
History
Man, Past and Present
Keane, A. H. (Augustus Henry)
Anthropology; Ethnology
3300 Dynasty I
3200
3100
3000 Dynasty of Opis ?Early ?Pre-Mycenean
2900 Dyn. of Kish Minoan I
2800 Dyn. III, Dyn. of Erech
IV Dyn. of
Akkad[100]
2700
2600 Dyn. V 2nd Dyn. of Erech
2500 Dyn. VI Gutian Early Minoan II Period I.
Domination Eneolithic
2400 Dyn. of Ur (implements
2300 Dyn. IX of stone,
2200 Dyn. of Isin Middle Minoan I copper and
2100 Dyn. XI Mid. Minoan II bronze, poor
2000 Dyn. XII 1st Dyn. Babylon Mycenean I in tin)
1900 2nd Dyn. Mid. Minoan III Period II
1800
1700 Dyn. XIII 3rd Dyn. Late Minoan I
1600 Dyn. XV Period III
1500 Dyn. XVIII Late Minoan Mycenean II
II
1400 Late Minoan III
1300 Dyn. XIX Period IV
1200 Dyn. XX Homeric Age
1100 4th Dyn.
1000 Dyn. XXI 5th to 7th Dyn. Close of Bronze Age[101]
900 Dyn. XXII 8th Dyn. Hallstatt
The introduction of iron into Italy has often been attributed to the
Etruscans, who were thought to have brought the knowledge from Lydia.
But the most abundant remains of the Early Iron Age are found not in
Tuscany, but along the coasts of the Adriatic[102], showing that iron
followed the well-known route of the amber trade, thus reaching Central
Europe and _Hallstatt_ (which has given its name to the Early Iron Age),
where alone in Europe the gradual transition from the use of bronze to
that of iron has been clearly traced. W. Ridgeway[103] believes that the
use of iron was first discovered in the Hallstatt area and that thence
it spread to Switzerland, France, Spain, Italy, Greece, the Aegean area,
and Egypt rather than that the culture drift was in the opposite
direction. There is no difference of opinion however as to the
importance of this Central European area which contained the most famous
iron mines of antiquity. Hallstatt culture extended from the Iberian
peninsula in the west to Hungary in the east, but scarcely reached
Scandinavia, North Germany, Armorica or the British Isles where the
Bronze Age may be said to have lasted down to about 500 B.C. Over such a
vast domain the culture was not everywhere of a uniform type and
Hoernes[104] recognises four geographical divisions distinguished mainly
by pottery and fibulae, and provisionally classified as Illyrian in the
South West, or Adriatic region, in touch with Greece and Italy; Celtic
in the Central or Danubian area; with an off-shoot in Western Germany,
Northern Switzerland and Eastern France; and Germanic in parts of
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