_Nubas._ As in Wadai, the intruding and native populations have been either imperfectly or not at all assimilated in Darfur and Kordofan, where the Muhammadan Semites still boast of their pure Arab descent[200], and form powerful confederacies. Chief among these are the _Baggara_ (Baqqara, "cow-herds"), cattle-keepers and agriculturalists, of whom some are as dark as the blackest negroes, though many are fine-looking, with regular, well-shaped features. Their form of Arabic is notoriously corrupt. Their rivals, the _Jaalan_ (Jalin, Jahalin), are mostly riverain "Arabs," a learned tribe, containing many scribes, and their language is said to be closer to classical Arabic than the form current in Egypt. These are the principal slave-hunters of the Sudan, and the famous Zobeir belonged to their tribe. The _Yemanieh_ are largely traders, and trace their origin from South Arabia. The _Kababish_ are the wealthiest camel-owning tribe, perhaps less contaminated by negro blood than any other Arab tribe in the Sudan[201]. The _Nuba_ and the _Nubians_ have been a source of much confusion, but recent investigations in the field such as those of C. G. Seligman[202] and H. A. MacMichael[203], and the publications of the Archaeological Survey of Nubia conducted by G. A. Reisner, help to elucidate the problem. We have first of all to get rid of the "Nuba-Fulah" family, which was introduced by Fr. Mueller and accepted by some English writers, but has absolutely no existence. The two languages, although both of the agglutinative Sudanese type, are radically distinct in all their structural, lexical, and phonetic elements, and the two peoples are equally distinct. The Fulahs are of North African origin, although many have in recent times been largely assimilated to their black Sudanese subjects. The Nuba on the contrary belong originally to the Negro stock, with hair of the common negro type, and are among the darkest skinned tribes in the Sudan, their colour varying from a dark chocolate brown to the darkest shade of brown black. But rightly to understand the question we have carefully to avoid confusion between the Nubians of the Nile Valley and the Negro _Nubas_, who gave their name to the Nuba Mountains, Kordofan, where most of the aborigines (_Kargo, Kulfan, Kolaji, Tumali, Lafofa, Eliri, Talodi_) still belong to this connection[203]. Kordofan is probably itself a Nuba word meaning "Land of the Kordo" (_fan_ = Arab, _dar_, land, country). There is a certain amount of anthropological evidence to connect the Nuba with the _Fur_ and the _Kara_ of Darfur to the west[204]. But it is a different anthropological type that is represented in the three groups of _Matokki_ (_Kenus_) between the First Cataract and Wadi-el-Arab, the _Mahai_ (_Marisi_) between Korosko and Wadi-Halfa, at the Second Cataract, and the _Dongolawi_, of the province of Dongola between Wadi-Halfa and Jebel Deja near Meroe.