Produced by Jeroen Hellingman [Illustration] [Illustration: Fossil Man of Mentone.] Manners and Monuments of Prehistoric Peoples By The Marquis de Nadaillac Correspondent of the Institute Author of “L’Amérique Préhistorique,” “Les Premiers Hommes et les Temps Préhistoriques,” etc. With 113 illustrations Translated by Nancy Bell (N. D’Anvers) Author of “The Elementary History of Art,” “The Life-Story of Our Earth,” “The Story of Early Man,” etc. G. P. Putnam’s sons New York 27 West Twenty-Third Street London 24 Redford Street, Strand The Knickerbocker Press 1894 Copyright, 1892 by Nancy Bell Electrotyped, Printed, and Bound by The Knickerbocker Press, New York G. P. Putnam’s Sons Translator’s Note The present volume has been translated, with the author’s consent, from the French of the Marquis de Nadaillac. The author and translator have carefully brought down to date the original edition, embodying the discoveries made during the progress of the work. The book will be found to be an epitome of all that is known on the subject of which it treats, and covers ground not at present occupied by any other work in the English language. Nancy Bell (N. D’Anvers). Southbourne-On-Sea, 1891. Contents. Chapter Page I. The Stone Age, its Duration, and its Place in Time 1 II. Food, Cannibalism, Mammals, Fish, Hunting and Fishing, Navigation 47 III. Weapons, Tools, Pottery; Origin of the Use of Fire, Clothing, Ornaments; Early Artistic Efforts 79 IV. Caves, Kitchen-Middings, Lake Stations, “Terremares,” Crannoges, Burghs, “Nurhags,” “Talayoti,” and “Truddhi” 127 V. Megalithic Monuments 174 VI. Industry, Commerce, Social Organization; Fights, Wounds and Trepanation 231 VII. Camps, Fortifications, Vitrified Forts; Santorin; the Towns upon the Hill of Hissarlik 279 VIII. Tombs 343 Index 383 Illustrations. Figure Page Fossil man from Mentone. _Frontispiece_ 1. Stone weapons described by Mahudel in 1734. 8 2. Copper hatchets found in Hungary and now in national museum of Budapest. 20 3. Copper beads from Connett’s Mound, Ohio (natural size). 21 4. Stone statues on Easter Island. 37 5. Fort-hill, Ohio. 39 6. Group of sepulchral mounds. 40 7. Ground plan of a pueblo of the Mac-Elmo valley. 41 8. Cliff-house on the Rio Mancos. 42 9. House in a rock of the Montezuma cañon. 43 10. 1. Fragments of arrows made of reindeer horn from the Martinet cave (Lot-et-Garonne). 2. Point of spear or harpoon in stag-horn (one third natural size). 3. and 4. Bone weapons from Denmark. 5. Harpoon of stag-horn from St. Aubin. 6. Bone fish-hooks pointed at each end, from Waugen. 61 11. Bear’s teeth converted into fish-hooks. 62 12. Fish-hook made out of a boar’s tusk. 62 13. A. Large barbed arrow from one side of the Plan Lade shelter (Tarn-et-Garonne). B. Lower part of a barbed harpoon from the Plantade deposit. 65 14. Ancient Scandinavian boat found beneath a tumulus at Gogstadten. 73