[42] The classic Syene, from all time the southernmost portion of Egypt proper. The Sixth Dynasty is called the Elephantine, from the island immediately facing Syene which was the traditional seat of the Dynasty, and on which the temples stood. The tombs of Elephantine were discovered by General Sir F. Grenfell, K.C.B., in 1885, in the neighbouring cliffs of the Libyan Desert: see foot-note p. 149.-- A.B.E. [43] For an explanation of the nature of the Double, see Chapter III., pp. 111-112, 121 _et seq._ [44] Known as the "Scribe accroupi," literally the "Squatting Scribe"; but in English, squatting, as applied to Egyptian art, is taken to mean the attitude of sitting with the knees nearly touching the chin. --A.B.E. [45] "The Sheikh of the Village." This statue was best known in England as the "Wooden Man of Bûlak."--A.B.E. [46] The Greek Chephren. [47] I venture to think that the heads of Rahotep and Nefert, engraved from a brilliant photograph in _A Thousand Miles up the Nile_, give a truer and more spirited idea of the originals than the present illustrations,--A.B.E. [48] That is, the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties. --A.B.E. [49] According to the measurements given by Mr. Petrie, who discovered the remains of the Tanite colossus, it must have stood ninety feet high without, and one hundred and twenty feet high with, its pedestal. See _Tanis_, Part I., by W.M.F. Petrie, published by the Egypt Exploration Fund, 1885.--A.B.E. [50] Ameniritis, daughter of an Ethiopian king named Kashta, was the sister and successor of her brother Shabaka, and wife of Piankhi II., Twenty- fifth Dynasty. The statue is in alabaster.--A.B.E. [51] A Memphite scribe of the Thirtieth Dynasty.--A.B.E. [52] In Egyptian _Ta-ûrt_, or "the Great;" also called _Apet_. This goddess is always represented as a hippopotamus walking. She carries in each hand the emblem of protection, called "_Sa_." The statuette of the illustration is in green serpentine.--A.B.E. [53] _Sebakh_, signifying "salt," or "saltpetre," is the general term for that saline dust which accumulates wherever there are mounds of brick or limestone ruins. This dust is much valued as a manure, or "top-dressing," and is so constantly dug out and carried away by the natives, that the mounds of ancient towns and villages are rapidly undergoing destruction in all parts of Egypt.--A.B.E. [54] For an example of Graeco-Egyptian portrait painting, _tempo_ Hadrian, see p. 291. CHAPTER V. _THE INDUSTRIAL ARTS._