=28. Column:= A formation in which the elements are placed one behind another. (See Figs. 4, 5, 6.) =29. Deploy:= To extend the front. In general to change from column to line, or from close order to extended order. =30. Depth:= The space from head to rear of any formation, including the leading and rear elements. The depth of a man is assumed to be 12 inches. (See Figs. 4, 5, 6.) =31. Distance:= Space between elements in the direction of depth. Distance is measured from the back of the man in front to the breast of the man in rear. The distance between ranks is 40 inches in both line and column. (See Figs. 4, 5, 6.) [Illustration: Fig. 4] [Illustration: Fig. 5] [Illustration: Fig. 6] =32. Element:= A file, squad, platoon, company, or larger body, forming part of a still larger body. =33. File:= Two men, the front-rank man and the corresponding man of the rear rank. The front-rank man is the file leader. A file which has no rear-rank man is a blank file. The term file applies also to a single man in a single-rank formation. =34. File closers:= Such officers and noncommissioned officers of a company as are posted in rear of the line. For convenience, all men posted in the line of file closers. =35. Flank:= The right or left of a command in line or in column; also the element on the right or left of the line. (See Figs. 2, 3 and 4.) =36. Formation:= Arrangement of the elements of a command. The placing of all fractions in their order in line, in column, or for battle. =37. Front:= The space, in width, occupied by an element, either in line or in column. The front of a man is assumed to be 22 inches. Front also denotes the direction of the enemy. (See Figs. 2, 3 and 5). =38. Guide:= An officer, noncommissioned officer, or private upon whom the command or elements thereof regulates its march. =39. Head:= The leading element of a column. (See Figs. 4, 5 and 6.) =40. Interval:= Space between elements of the same line. The interval between men in ranks is 4 inches and is measured from elbow to elbow. Between companies, squads, etc., it is measured from the left elbow of the left man or guide of the group on the right, to the right elbow of the right man or guide of the group on the left. (See Fig. 3.) =41. Left:= The left extremity or element of a body of troops. =42. Line:= A formation in which the different elements are abreast of each other. (See Figs. 2 and 3.) =43. Order, close:= The formation in which the units, in double rank, are arranged in line or in column with normal intervals and distances. =44. Order, extended:= The formation in which the units are separated by intervals greater than in close order. =45. Pace:= Thirty inches; the length of the full step in quick time. =46. Point of rest:= The point at which a formation begins. Specifically, the point toward which units are aligned in successive movements. =47. Rank:= A line of men placed side by side.