Importance--Respect for Sentinels--Classification of 1576-1857 Guards--General Rules--The Commanding Officer--The Officer of the Day--The Commander of the Guard--Sergeant of the Guard--Corporal of the Guard--Musicians of the Guard--Orderlies and Color Sentinels--Privates of the Guard--Countersigns and Paroles--Guard Patrols-- Compliments from Guards--General Rules Concerning Guard Duty--Stable Guards--Troop Stable Guards--Reveille and Retreat Gun--Formal Guard Mounting--Informal Guard Mounting. PART VIII MILITARY ORGANIZATION Composition of Infantry, Cavalry and Field Artillery 1858 Units up to and Including the Regiment. PART IX MAP READING AND SKETCHING CHAPTER I. =MAP READING=--Definition of Map--Ability to 1859-1877 Read a Map--Scales--Methods of Representing Scales-- Construction of Scales--Scale Problems--Scaling Distances from a Map--Contours--Map Distances--Slopes-- Meridians--Determination of Positions of Points on Map-- Orientation--Conventional Signs--Visibility. CHAPTER II. =MILITARY SKETCHING=--The Different Methods 1878-1893 of Sketching--Location of Points by Intersection-- Location of points by Resection--Location of Points by Traversing--Contours--Form Lines--Scales--Position Sketching--Outpost Sketching--Road Sketching--Combined Sketching--Points for Beginners to Remember. PRELUDE THE OBJECT AND ADVANTAGES OF MILITARY TRAINING =1. Prelude.= We will first consider the object and advantages of military training, as they are the natural and logical prelude to the subject of military training and instruction. Object =2. The object of all military training is to win battles.= Everything that you do in military training is done with some immediate object in view, which, in turn, has in view the _final_ object of winning battles. For example: =3. Setting-up exercises.= The object of the setting-up exercises, as the name indicates, is to give the new men the _set-up_,--the bearing and carriage,--of the military man. In addition these exercises serve to loosen up his muscles and prepare them for his later experiences and development. =4. Calisthenics.= Calisthenics may be called the big brother, the grown-up form, of the setting-up exercise. The object of calisthenics is to develop and strengthen all parts and muscles of the human body,--the back, the legs, the arms, the lungs, the heart and all other parts of the body. First and foremost a fighting man's work depends upon his physical fitness. To begin with, a soldier's mind must always be on the alert and equal to any strain, and no man's mind can be at its best when he is handicapped by a weak or ailing body.