_Taussig, F. W._, The tariff debate of 1909 and the new tariff act. Q. J. E., 24: 1-38. 1909-1910. *_Willis, H. P._, The tariff of 1913. J. P. E., 22: 1-42, 105-131, 218-238. 1914. QUESTIONS. 1. In the light of American tariff history what would you say were (1) the principal advantages and (2) the principal disadvantages of a highly protective tariff as a primary source of public revenue? Illustrate your points by historical references. 2. If other countries can carry our commerce cheaper than we can do it ourselves and if the citizens of this country can invest their money with greater profit in other industries, what are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing those countries to carry our commerce? 3. Tabulate and diagram the values of the imports and of the exports of the U. S. to and from Europe, N. A., S. A., Asia, Oceanica and Africa for the latest five years reported. Discuss the question of American exports and imports in a paragraph not exceeding 200 words in length. Stat. Abst. (under Progress of U. S.). 4. Make a list of the ten leading articles exported from and the ten leading articles imported into the U. S. for the latest year available. What do these show as to the position of the U. S. in international commerce? Stat. Abst. CHAPTER 16 OBJECTS AND PRINCIPLES OF TAXATION REFERENCES. *_Bullock, C. J._, Selected readings in public finance. 1906. Chs. VIII, IX. The growth of federal expenditures. P. S. Q., 18: 97-111. 1903. *_Daniels_, Pt. II, chs. I-IV. _Edgeworth, F. Y._, The subjective element in the first principles of taxation. Q. J. E., 24: 459-470. 1909-1910. *_Plehn, C. C._, Public finance. 3d ed., rev and enl. 1913. Pts. I, II. _Round table discussion of taxation._ A. E. Assn. Bul., 4th ser., 1 (no. 2): 333-346. 1911. _Seligman, E. R. A._, Essays in taxation. 8th ed., 1913. QUESTIONS. 1. Does taxation ever infringe on the right of private property? 2. What is it a citizen gets in return for his taxes? 3. Is there any relation between the taxes paid and the benefits secured from government? 4. In what ways may we understand the proposition that taxation should be proportioned to ability? 5. It is claimed by some that the use by the government of indirect taxes increases existing inequalities in the personal distribution of wealth. What reasons may be given for or against this opinion? CHAPTER 17 PROPERTY AND CORPORATION TAXES REFERENCES. _Brooks, R. C._, The German imperial tax on the unearned increment. Q. J. E., 25: 682-709. 1910-1911. _Bullock_, Chs. XI, XV. _Compton, W. M._, Recent tendencies in the reform of forest taxation. J. P. E., 23: 971-979. 1915. *_Hamilton_, Readings, 560, 561.