7. If population became stationary, neither increasing nor decreasing in numbers, and if methods were discovered which would render possible the production of the same amount of wealth per year as at present with only half the force of laborers employed, and if the average labor day were not shortened, would there not be a great and apparently permanent lack of employment? Discuss thoroughly and give reasons for your answer. 8. In what sense is the "unemployment," so manifest in a period of industrial depression, evidence that the number of workers is "in excess of the work to be done"? CHAPTER 23 SOCIAL INSURANCE REFERENCES. _Adams_ and _Sumner_, ch. XII, secs. 6-8. _Baldwin, F. S._, Old age pension schemes: a criticism and a program. Q. J. E., 24: 713-742. 1909-1910. _Commons_, ch. XXV. *_Commons_ and _Andrews_, ch. VIII. _Foerster, R. F._, The British national insurance act. Q. J. E., 26: 275-312. 1911-1912. _Frankel, L. K._, and _Dawson, M. M._, Workingmen's insurance in Europe. 1910. _Henderson, C. R._, Industrial insurance in the United States. 1909. _Lewis, F. W._, State insurance. 1909. _National Civic Federation, Social Insurance Department_, Report of the committee on preliminary foreign inquiry. 1915. _Rubinow, I. M._, Standards of sickness insurance. J. P. E., 23: 221-251, 327-364, 437-464. 1915. _United States Bureau of Labor_, Annual reports, 1908, 1909. _Warren, B. S._, and _Sydenstricker, Edgar_, Health insurance. 1916. QUESTIONS. 1. Are industrial accidents more frequent in low paid or in high paid occupations? 2. Suggest advantages and disadvantages of a general system of compulsory industrial insurance for old age, sickness and accidents. What are the essential differences between these three forms of insurance? 3. Show to what extent a system of workingmen's insurance has been developed in one of the following countries: Germany, France, Italy, England. In the development of a general system of workingmen's insurance in the U. S., which one of the above forms will probably first come in? For what reasons has a system of this kind not been developed in the U. S.? Henderson, C. R., Industrial insurance. CHAPTER 24 POPULATION AND IMMIGRATION REFERENCES. *_Adams_ and _Sumner_, ch. III. *_Commons_ and _Andrews_, ch. II, sec. 4. _Fairchild, H. P._, Immigration. 1913. The standard of living--up or down? A. E. Rev., 6: 9-25. 1916. _Fetter, F. A._, Population or prosperity. A. E. Rev., 3 (no. 1, supp.): 5-19. 1913. (Presidential address before the American Economic Association, 1912, much of which is incorporated with chap. 24 in the text.)