The total amount paid in mail subventions in 1910 was $1,858,186; in navigation subsidies, $1,291,826. The total Spanish tonnage the same year comprised 579 vessels of 765,460 tons.[EE] * * * * * Portugal grants postal subventions of comparatively small amounts to three steamship companies which perform all her mail carrying. A move toward the institution of a general subsidy system was made in 1899, when a bill was before the Cortes providing construction and navigation bounties for the encouragement of domestic shipbuilding and ship-using; but this measure was not enacted. In 1911 the republic offered a subsidy of one thousand dollars per voyage in either direction for steamship service between Lisbon and New York, with call at the Azores, the contract to run for three years.[EF] Portugal controls her shipping service with her colonies, the trade with them being restricted to the Portuguese flag.[EG] Her total tonnage is small: in 1910 only 110,183 tons.[EH] FOOTNOTES: [Footnote DZ: U.S. Con. Rept., no. 112, January, 1890, pp. 54-56.] [Footnote EA: U.S. Vice Con. Gen. William Dawson jr., Con. Repts., no. 349, Oct., 1910.] [Footnote EB: U.S. Con. Repts., 1890.] [Footnote EC: Meeker.] [Footnote ED: U.S. Con. Rept., no. 349, Oct., 1909.] [Footnote EE: Lloyd's Register, 1910-11.] [Footnote EF: Daily Con. Repts., no. 106, May 1, 1911.] [Footnote EG: Meeker. Also Parliamentary papers.] [Footnote EH: Lloyd's Register, 1910-11.] CHAPTER IX DENMARK--NORWAY--SWEDEN Denmark pays postal subventions to two steamship companies for carrying the mails to Sweden and to Iceland, and "trade" subsidies to other companies to encourage particularly the export trade. The latter are payments directly for reductions in freight rates, which are supervised by the Government.[EI] The postal subventions are not large, and they are generally accepted as only fair remuneration for service rendered.[EJ] * * * * * Norway and Sweden both give subsidies for mail carriage solely, and grant no direct bounties on shipping. Both, however, undertake the furtherance of commerce and navigation through "State contributions," in the form of loans to shipowners from Government funds.[EK] Such aid has been granted to several steamship lines. In 1910 the Swedish Government granted a loan equivalent to half a million dollars American money toward the capital of a new line between Swedish ports and New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore.[EL] Shipping is exempt from taxation in both countries.[EM] The Swedish tonnage in 1910 stood at a total of 1472 vessels of 918,079 tons.[EN] * * * * *