PRINCIPAL TREE REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA [Illustration: PRINCIPAL TREE REGIONS OF NORTH AMERICA] A North Eastern B North Western AB North Eastern & North Western C South Eastern D Tropical Florida E Texas-Mexican Boundary F Rocky Mountains G Oregon & California H New Mexico & Arizona Mexican Boundary MANUAL OF THE TREES OF NORTH AMERICA (EXCLUSIVE OF MEXICO) BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT _Director of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University_ _Author of The Silva of North America_ _WITH SEVEN HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-THREE ILLUSTRATIONS FROM DRAWINGS BY_ CHARLES EDWARD FAXON _AND_ MARY W. GILL _Second Edition_ [Illustration: The Riverside Press] BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY _The Riverside Press Cambridge_ 1922 COPYRIGHT, 1905 AND 1927, BY CHARLES SPRAGUE SARGENT ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TO M. R. S. THE WISE AND KIND FRIEND OF THIRTY YEARS THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED WITH GRATITUDE AND AFFECTION PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION The studies of the trees of North America (exclusive of Mexico) which have been carried on by the agents and correspondents of the Arboretum in the sixteen years since the publication of the _Manual of the Trees of North America_ have increased the knowledge of the subject and made necessary a new edition of this _Manual_. The explorations of these sixteen years have added eighty-nine species of trees and many recently distinguished varieties of formerly imperfectly understood species to the silva of the United States, and made available much additional information in regard to the geographical distribution of American trees. Further studies have made the reduction of seven species of the first edition to varieties of other species seem desirable; and two species, _Amelanchier obovalis_ and _Cercocarpus parvifolius_, which were formerly considered trees, but are more properly shrubs, are omitted. The genus Anamomis is now united with Eugenia; and the Arizona _Pinus strobiformis_ Sarg. (not Engelm.) is now referred to _Pinus flexilis_ James.