(_extending to the margin in the lobed leaves of Malus_). Winter-buds resinous; leaves crenate, usually truncate at base; petioles slender. Populus (p. 119). Winter-buds not resinous. Leaf-scars with 3 bundle-traces. Leaves involute in bud, often lobed on vigorous shoots; winter-buds obtuse, short, pubescent. Malus (p. 379). Leaves conduplicate (_or in some species of Prunus convolute_), never lobed; winter-buds acute. Winter-buds elongated; branches never spinescent. Amelanchier (p. 393). Winter-buds not elongated, ovoid; branches sometimes spinescent. Prunus (p. 555). Leaf-scars with 1 bundle-trace; leaves simply serrate. Ilex sp. 5—6 (p. 673). Primary veins extending to the teeth or to the lobes. Leaves lobed. Quercus sp. 1—16, 35—50 (p. 241, 283). Leaves serrate-toothed. Winter-buds with numerous scales. Leaves lustrous beneath, remotely serrate or denticulate; winter-buds elongated, acuminate. Fagus (p. 228). Leaves pale beneath, coarsely dentate or serrate; winter-buds acute. Chestnut Oaks. Quercus sp. 51—54 (p. 303). Winter-buds with 2 pairs of scales. Castanea (p. 230). Leaves doubly or simply serrate, or lobed, with serrate lobes; branches often furnished with spines. Leaves involute in the bud; branchlets often ending in blunt spines. Malus (p. 379). Leaves conduplicate in the bud; branches usually armed with sharp-pointed single or branched axillary spines. Cratægus (p. 397). _bb_ Stipules wanting. _c_ Leaves not lobed. Leaves subcoriaceous, oblong, sometimes nearly entire, glabrous. Symplocos (p. 831). Leaves thin. Leaves oblong-obovate, acute, pubescent beneath. Gordonia alatamaha (p. 752). Leaves oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous or puberulous while young, turning scarlet in the autumn.