flower-scales, enlarging and forming the scales of the cone. Seeds with a narrow marginal wing (_wingless in Juniperas_). Scales of the female flowers numerous, spirally arranged, forming a woody cone; ovules erect, 2 or many under each scale; leaves linear, alternate, often of 2 forms (_deciduous in Taxodium_). Taxodiæ. Ovules and seeds numerous under each scale. 7. Sequoia. Ovules and seeds 2 under each scale; leaves mostly spreading in 2 ranks. 8. Taxodium. Scales of the female flower few, decussate, forming a small cone, or rarely a berry; ovules 2 or many under each scale; leaves decussate or in 3 ranks, often of 2 forms, usually scale-like, mostly adnate to the branch, the earliest free and subulate. Cupressineæ. Fruit a cone; leaves scale-like. Cones oblong, their scales oblong, imbricated or valvate; seeds 2 under each scale, maturing the first year. Scales of the cone 6, the middle ones only fertile; seeds unequally 2-winged. 9. Libocedrus. Scales of the cone 8—12; seeds equally 2-winged. 10. Thuja. Cones subglobose, the scales peltate, maturing in one or two years; seeds few or many under each scale. Fruit maturing in two seasons; seeds many under each scale; branchlets terete or 4-winged. 11. Cupressus. Fruit maturing in one season; seeds 2 under each scale; branchlets flattened. 12. Chamæcyparis. Fruit a berry formed by the coalition of the scales of the flower; ovules in pairs or solitary; flowers diœcious; leaves decussate or in 3’s, subulate or scale-like, often of 2 forms. 13. Juniperus. 1. PINUS Duham. Pine.