A tree, often 100° or occasionally 150° high, with a trunk frequently 4°—5° or rarely 7°—8° in diameter, slender spreading slightly pendulous branches clothing young stems to the ground and in old age forming a narrow open often unsymmetrical pyramidal head, and stout tough branchlets clothed at first with rusty pubescence, dark orange-brown and puberulous in their first and dark red-purple and glabrous in their second season. Bark of young stems and branches thin, smooth, light gray, becoming on old trees ¾′—1½′ thick and divided into small nearly square plates by deep longitudinal and cross fissures, and covered by small closely appressed purple scales. Wood light, soft, not strong, close, straight-grained, light brown or red; sometimes manufactured into lumber, used in construction and the interior finish of buildings. Distribution. Scattered through mountain forests from the basin of the Columbia River in British Columbia to Vancouver Island; on the mountains of northern Washington to the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains of northern Montana; on the coast ranges of Washington and Oregon; and on the Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges southward to the Kern River valley, California; most abundant and of its greatest value in northern Idaho on the bottom-lands of streams tributary to Lake Pend Oreille; reaching the sea-level on the southern shores of the Straits of Fuca and elevations of 10,000° on the California Sierras. Often planted as an ornamental tree in Europe, and occasionally in the eastern United States where it grows more vigorously than any other Pine-tree of western America. 3. Pinus Lambertiana Dougl. Sugar Pine. [Illustration: Fig. 3] Leaves stout, rigid, 3½′—4′ long, marked on the two faces by 2—6 rows of stomata; deciduous during their second and third years. Flowers: male light yellow; female pale green. Fruit fully grown in August and opening in October, 11′—18′ or rarely 21′ long; seeds ½′—⅝′ long, dark chestnut-brown or nearly black, and half the length of their firm dark brown obtuse wings broadest below the middle and ½′ wide.