I. Pinaceæ (p. 1). Flowers usually monœcious; ovules 2 or several; fruit a woody cone (_in Juniperus berry-like_); cotyledons 2 or many; leaves needle-shaped, linear or scale-like, persistent (_deciduous in Larix and Taxodium_). II. Taxaceæ (p. 90). Flowers diœcious, axillary, solitary; ovules 1; fruit surrounded by or inclosed in the enlarged fleshy aril-like disk of the flower; cotyledons 2; leaves linear, alternate, persistent. Class II. ANGIOSPERMÆ. Carpels or pistils consisting of a closed cavity containing the ovules and becoming the fruit. Division I. MONOCOTYLEDONS. Stems with woody fibres distributed irregularly through them, but without pith or annual layers of growth; parts of the flower in 3’s; ovary superior, 3-celled; embryo with a single cotyledon; leaves parallel-veined, persistent, without stipules. III. Palmæ (p. 96). Ovule solitary; fruit baccate or drupaceous, 1 or rarely 2 or 3-seeded; leaves alternate, pinnate, flabellate or orbicular, persistent. IV. Liliaceæ (p. 110). Ovules numerous in each cell; fruit 3-celled, capsular or baccate; leaves linear-lanceolate. Division II. DICOTYLEDONS. Stems formed of bark, wood, or pith, and increasing by the addition of an annual layer of wood inside the bark; parts of the flower mostly in 4’s or 5’s; embryo with a pair of opposite cotyledons; leaves netted-veined. Subdivision 1. Apetalæ. Flowers without a corolla and sometimes without a calyx. Section 1. Flowers in unisexual aments (_female flowers of Juglans and Quercus solitary or in spikes_); ovary inferior (_superior in Leitneriaceæ_) when a calyx is present.