Margaret and Her Friends: or, Ten conversations with Margaret Fuller upon the mythology of the Greeks and its expression in art, held at the house of the Rev. George Ripley, Bedford Place, Boston, beginning March 1, 1841Fuller, Margaret
Philosophy
Margaret and Her Friends: or, Ten conversations with Margaret Fuller upon the mythology of the Greeks and its expression in art, held at the house of the Rev. George Ripley, Bedford Place, Boston, beginning March 1, 1841
Fuller, Margaret
Mythology, Classical, in art; Mythology, Greek
WHEELER liked what Mr. Clarke said, and added that there was meaning in
the Irish phrase, “_Lower me up_.”
MARGARET said that all the punishments of Tartarus expressed baffled
effort, the penalty least endurable to the active Greek.
MR. MACK thought it singular that in every nation where the belief in
Tartarus had prevailed, an exact locality had always been assigned to it.
WILLIAM WHITE said that, so long as anybody could point out the locality
of the garden of Eden, we had no need to smile at the locality of a
Tartarus or an Elysium.
I do not think these “myths” belong to the same class.
CHARLES WHEELER quoted Champollion to the effect that the Styx was only
a small river flowing between the Temple at Thebes and a neighboring
“place of tombs.” The ferryman was named Charon, and the Egyptian habit
of judging the dead probably gave rise to the rest of the fable.
MARGARET said, “This was very natural.” She asked Mr. Wheeler the meaning
of certain names.
Phlegethon, he answered, meant burning fire; Acheron, anguish.
Why did not somebody say that the lifeless current of the Styx first
tempted Homer to give it to the Infernals? It is in reality a river of
Epeiros.
The Styx, WHEELER said, was a cold unhealthy stream, like that which
caused the death of Alexander. It flowed slowly through Acadia, but was
supposed to take its rise in Hades. Lethe is a river near the Syrtus in
Africa. It disappears in the sand, but rises again. Hence its name.
MR. WHEELER had some difficulty in explaining certain inconsistencies in
the poets.
MR. CLARKE quoted the remark of Achilles (?) concerning Elysium,—that a
day of hard labor on earth was preferable to an eternity of pleasure in
Elysian fields!
MARGARET said that in Elysium, as in Tartarus, souls waited. These
restless Greeks could do nothing. They were cut off from action, which
was their delight. All their punishments seem to consist of frustrated
effort,—the consequence of some presumption. Tantalus was ever thirsty
and ever famished because he had aspired to nectar and ambrosia. Ixion,
who would have scaled the heavens, was condemned to incessant revolution
upon a wheel, which never paused yet never accomplished anything. The
Danaides, who murdered the love which wooed them, were doomed to fill a
broken vessel with water which as constantly escaped. Sisyphus, who had
never labored except for a selfish end, was to roll a stone up hill,
which as constantly rolled down,—fit emblem of all selfish labor. As for
Tityrus, who sought to violate the secrets of Nature, the vulture fed
always upon his entrails.
WHEELER said this did not represent frustrated effort.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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